Share-trading loss was rightly disallowed because the assessee neither responded to the show-cause notice nor substantiated the loss with supporting evidence. The Tribunal's contrary finding that relevant evidence had been filed was factually incorrect, making its deletion of the disallowance perverse. A director's retraction filed over two years after the statement and after assessment required examination before acceptance; the Tribunal did not undertake that examination. Its reliance on denial of cross-examination was also unsupported because the record showed no request for cross-examination. The assessment and first appellate decision were restored in favour of the Revenue.

Alleged examination-paper leakage in the Public Service Commission teacher recruitment examination is under investigation by the state Economic Offences Unit. A doctor was arrested in connection with allegations that he participated in a conspiracy to leak the examination paper and arrange candidates' selection for payment. Investigators alleged that he arranged candidates who were taken to a hotel shortly before the examination and given access to the leaked question paper.

TDS on purchase of goods applies only where the purchaser meets the prescribed turnover or gross-receipts threshold in the immediately preceding financial year. A newly incorporated company with no prior-year turnover does not qualify as an eligible buyer in its first financial year. Purchases exceeding the applicable threshold, including fixed assets or capital goods, do not independently trigger TDS. The possible inclusion of fixed assets within "goods" becomes relevant only after buyer eligibility is established.

Anti-dumping duty is imposed on Low Ash Metallurgical Coke, being metallurgical coke with ash content below 18 per cent, imported from specified subject countries. The measure addresses dumping-related material injury to domestic industry. Exclusions apply to specified ultra-low phosphorous coke for ferroalloy manufacture, semi-coke or soft coke, and specified-sized coke for eligible pig iron manufacture, subject to applicable end-use undertakings and certification. The duty applies for five years from provisional-duty imposition unless earlier changed and is calculated in Indian currency at the notified exchange rate applicable on the bill-of-entry date.

Arbitrator neutrality under Section 12(5) read with the Seventh Schedule renders officers of a disputing respondent-State ineligible to continue on an arbitral tribunal where no substantive proceedings occurred after its constitution and the matter remained stayed. The provision applies notwithstanding a prior contractual appointment arrangement and treats persons within prohibited relationships as de jure unable to act. Ineligibility may be waived only by an express written agreement made after the dispute arises; participation in proceedings or party conduct is not a waiver. The officer-members' mandate therefore terminated by operation of law, requiring appointment of a fresh independent arbitrator.

Schedule-II (Export Policy) of ITC (HS) 2022 is amended with immediate effect to align export classifications, notes and policy entries with the Finance Act, 2026. Broad tariff entries are deleted or replaced with product-specific classifications across agricultural products, foods, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, minerals, leather, machinery, metals and transport equipment. Specified controlled chemicals remain freely exportable only subject to a No Objection Certificate from the Narcotics Commissioner. Deoxy nucleotide triphosphates require restricted export authorisation, zirconium ores remain subject to State Trading Enterprise treatment through Indian Rare Earths Limited, and dissolving-grade chemical wood pulp is prohibited for export.

Importers claiming Basic Customs Duty exemption for vessel-repair spare parts and consumables must maintain and periodically submit accounts of import, use and consumption. The account must identify each Bill of Entry, the imported and utilised quantities, duty foregone and vessel end use, with prescribed vessel and fitment details. Bond cancellation requires evidence that exemption conditions were fulfilled, including a fitment certificate endorsed by the Vessel Chief Engineer and Vessel Master, submitted within one year from the Bill of Entry date.

An arbitrator's appointment under Section 11 has statutory finality on matters within the appointing authority's competence and cannot be reopened before the arbitral tribunal under Section 16. A party that seeks leave to file a counterclaim before the arbitrator and subsequently files it accepts the arbitral forum. That conduct constitutes submission of disputes to arbitration under Section 7(4)(c), regardless of whether the underlying contractual clause independently qualifies as an arbitration agreement. The State therefore could not challenge the appointment or deny arbitrability after voluntarily submitting its counterclaim.

Tax deduction at source under section 393 applies to specified payments based on the recipient, payment type, threshold, rate and timing prescribed in the applicable Table. Resident payments generally attract deduction on the whole amount after the threshold is crossed, while non-resident payments have no threshold unless specifically prescribed. Specified exemptions cover designated exempt persons, certain Offshore Banking Unit interest and payments connected with the New Pension System Trust. Eligible recipients may furnish a nil-tax declaration subject to stated conditions, and payers or depositories must submit it within the prescribed quarterly timeline. Suspense-account credits are treated as credits to the payee.

NYVO's fee-only platform integrates investments, goals, insurance and cash flows into a personalised household financial plan. Users may connect existing mutual fund holdings, assess their alignment with financial goals and execute mutual fund transactions on the platform. Recommendations are based on an in-house asset-allocation model and mutual fund rating engine, while the flat-fee structure and absence of product-linked remuneration are intended to preserve independence from sales incentives. The platform uses read-only access under the RBI Account Aggregator framework.

Permanent Trade Facilitation Committees at each Customs station must meet fortnightly with expanded representation from Customs, trade participants, DGFT, custodians, partner government agencies, shipping lines, logistics providers, trade councils and Customs Brokers. They monitor clearance timelines, address bottlenecks and trade grievances, oversee TSKs, AEM and the ICEGATE helpdesk, and escalate unresolved matters to NACs. A Single Point of Contact must support coordinated clearance, while local issues are to be discussed with relevant agencies and trade bodies.

Specified income exemption is notified for the Chhattisgarh Real Estate Regulatory Authority under Schedule III read with section 11 of the Income-tax Act, 2025. Eligible income includes government grants, loans or advances, regulatory fees and penalties, and interest earned on such receipts. The exemption is conditional on no commercial activity, required income-tax return filing, and continuity of the Authority's activities and specified income. Non-compliance results in withdrawal of the exemption and initiation of proceedings.

Tax exemption under section 10(46) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is notified for the Chhattisgarh Real Estate Regulatory Authority for government grants, loans or advances, regulatory fees and penalties, and interest earned on those receipts. The exemption requires the Authority to avoid commercial activity, retain the same activities and nature of specified income, and file its income return as required. Non-compliance may result in penal action and withdrawal of the exemption. The notification operates retrospectively for the stated assessment years.

Tax exemption is notified for the Fees Regulating Authority in respect of processing fees, related charges, government reimbursements or grants, and interest from deposits and investments. The exemption requires that the Authority not engage in commercial activity, retain unchanged activities and specified income, and file its income-tax return as prescribed. Failure to meet these conditions may result in penal action and withdrawal of the exemption. The notification applies retrospectively for the stated assessment years.

Customs duty exemptions are consolidated into a unified framework that supersedes earlier exemption notifications while preserving prior actions and omissions. Four tables set out full or partial relief from Basic Customs Duty, Integrated Goods and Services Tax, and Compensation Cess, linked to tariff headings and conditions. Annexures prescribe end-use and certification requirements, lists identify eligible specified goods and sectoral concessions, and explanations clarify defined terms. Stakeholders must use the consolidated framework for post-effective-date imports and consult related cess and surcharge amendments for alignment.

SWIFT 2.0 provides a unified digital platform for EXIM clearances involving Partner Government Agencies, enabling submission of NOC data and documents, application tracking, alerts, online fee payments, inspection notifications and digital access to approved NOCs. In its first rollout phase, Animal Quarantine and Certification Services, the Plant Quarantine Management System and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India are integrated. Required data fields and mandatory documents must be accurately declared through the Integrated Declaration in the Bill of Entry or the unified application dashboard where PGA clearance is required.

Unrealised foreign exchange translation gains recognised on year-end restatement under AS-11 or Ind AS 21 are described as notional accounting adjustments, not consideration for a supply. Their disclosure in GSTR-9C serves reconciliation between financial statements and GST returns and does not itself establish taxability. The discussion distinguishes such unrealised gains from realised gains on settlement of an underlying taxable supply, which may affect that supply's value. A response should explain the accounting treatment and demonstrate that the reported amount is a non-supply reconciliation item.

A credit to the profit and loss account arising from reclaimed transitional input tax credit, after its approved availment through TRAN-1, does not by itself constitute a supply liable to GST. GST liability requires a taxable supply, and the accounting entry should be established as an input tax credit reclaim rather than consideration arising from a supply. The clarification states that the credit availed through TRAN-1 received departmental approval.

Independent application of mind is required before a competent authority issues a show cause notice. The High Court noted that use of an artificial intelligence tool to prepare and issue the notice lacked demonstrated statutory sanction, and rejected the explanation that AI-generated references were inadvertently uploaded. As the authority had not independently examined the facts as required by the statute, the show cause notice and consequential proceedings were quashed. The authority retained liberty to initiate fresh action in accordance with law after independently applying its mind.

The seven-day time limit for issuing a penalty order after service of a notice for detained or seized goods in transit is presented as mandatory under the J&K Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017. The use of "shall", the coercive nature of detention and seizure, and the statutory objective of preventing arbitrary or prolonged detention support strict procedural compliance. The absence of an express statutory consequence for delay does not make the requirement directory; legislative intent, statutory purpose and affected rights govern its character. A penalty notice or order issued beyond the prescribed period is liable to be quashed, without affecting proceedings otherwise permissible under the Act.