Post-award interim measures under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 are available to any party to an arbitration agreement, including an unsuccessful arbitral party with no award in its favour. The provision's plain language does not confine relief to award-holders, while Sections 34 and 36 separately address challenges to and stays of awards. An unsuccessful party must satisfy the usual tests of prima facie case, balance of convenience and irreparable injury under a higher threshold. Relief should therefore be granted only carefully, cautiously and in rare, compelling circumstances to prevent irreparable prejudice and preserve challenge proceedings.

Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act permits any party to an arbitration agreement, including an unsuccessful party, to seek post-award interim protection before enforcement. The provision contains no distinction based on success in arbitration, and limiting relief to an award-holder would improperly narrow protection of the subject matter of arbitration or amount in dispute. Sections 34 and 36 govern challenge and stay of awards separately from Section 9. Post-award relief for an unsuccessful party remains exceptional and requires a prima facie case, balance of convenience, irreparable injury, and rare, compelling circumstances.

Transitional credit claimed through TRAN-1 or TRAN-2 must be verified by the jurisdictional tax officer using portal data, the applicant's self-certified copy, supporting records, and applicable law. Mixed State and central tax claims require counterpart verification and coordinated reports. Credit may be disallowed only through a reasoned process involving notice, personal hearing, and observance of principles of natural justice. Verification includes prior claims, adjudication or appeals, VAT carry-forward balances, capital-goods credit, stock-based credit, invoice and eligibility conditions, and prevention of duplicate credit through GSTR-3B. Allowed credit is reflected in the electronic credit ledger; excess earlier credit is recoverable with applicable interest and penalty.

Foreign exchange market movement saw the rupee strengthen for a sixth consecutive trading session against the US dollar, supported by declining global crude oil prices, a softer dollar, foreign institutional investment inflows and gains in domestic equity markets. Improved global risk sentiment followed the decision to defer planned US military strikes against Iran and allow diplomatic engagement. Renewed geopolitical tensions were identified as a factor that could limit further appreciation.

Quarterly financial performance reported revenue growth in standalone and consolidated operations, higher standalone profit before tax, and a return to consolidated profitability. The company continues to invest in an AI-led, intellectual-property-driven digital technology strategy through enterprise software, SaaS platforms, digital commerce, cloud, data and AI solutions. Its priorities include scalable platforms, proprietary technology assets, recurring-revenue offerings, partnerships and selective acquisitions. Complete financial results, notes to accounts and regulatory disclosures are available through exchange filings and the company website.

MSME delayed-payment reforms seek faster adjudication, strengthened recovery and improved liquidity for enterprise suppliers. Courts may direct payment of at least half of an awarded amount where a setting-aside application remains pending beyond six months. Mediated settlements and arbitral awards may be recovered as arrears of land revenue and recognised as legally enforceable debts under the insolvency framework. The measures also provide graded penalties, voluntary digital registration, invoice settlement through the Trade Receivables Discounting System, and additional Facilitation Councils.

No Claim Bonus does not represent consideration for a supply by the insured, since the insured is not contractually obliged to refrain from making an insurance claim. Where disclosed in the policy and recorded in the invoice, No Claim Bonus is an admissible discount for valuing insurance services, and GST applies to the premium payable after that deduction. The exemption from mandatory e-invoicing for specified entities applies to the entity as a whole, covering all its supplies of goods and services.

Non-consideration of a judicial precedent cited before the Tribunal may constitute a mistake apparent from the record and justify recall for fresh hearing. Rectification remains limited to apparent errors and cannot be used to review an earlier decision through new arguments or extensive documentary reconsideration. Where agreements, amalgamation and the asserted commercial rights arising from share acquisition had already been considered, no apparent error arose on those matters. However, failure to consider the cited depreciation precedent concerning rights to use and occupy property embedded in acquired shares warranted recall of the earlier orders for fresh hearing.

Unregistered recipients may seek GST refund for tax borne on cancelled construction-service agreements or terminated long-term insurance policies only when the period for supplier-issued credit notes has expired. The applicant must obtain temporary registration, complete Aadhaar authentication, file FORM GST RFD-01 with statement 8, supplier certification and supporting evidence, and use a PAN-linked bank account. The supplier's cancellation letter determines the relevant date for incomplete long-term supplies. Refund is limited to invoice tax and, where consideration is partly returned, to proportionate tax.

Industrial subsidy adjustment against tax dues requires the concerned Joint Commissioner to verify industry-wise taxpayer jurisdiction and tax dues under each head. Registration identifiers were incorporated into industry data through matching with the tax database. Verified tax-liability figures must be confirmed in the specified data columns, while discrepancies or deviations must be recorded in the remarks. The completed verification report must be furnished through the prescribed email process within the stipulated timeframe.

Functionally dissimilar comparables for back-office support services must be excluded, requiring recomputation using the two accepted comparables. The letter-of-comfort commission is restricted to 0.04%, while the section 14A disallowance requires verification and recomputation under Rule 8D. Year-end provisions incurred under the mercantile system, mark-to-market foreign-exchange derivative losses arising in banking business, depreciation on leased assets, and written-off bad debts are treated as allowable deductions. Employee stock-option discount, proportionate bond issue discount, club membership expenditure and banking business losses are also allowable on the stated principles and prior-year treatment.

C-Form eligibility for inter-State purchases is restricted to specified petroleum products and alcoholic liquor for human consumption, where purchased for resale or for manufacturing or processing those specified goods for sale. The expression "goods" in the manufacturing or processing condition carries the restricted amended meaning. C Forms may also be issued for purchases used in telecommunication networks, mining, or generation and distribution of electricity or other power. No C Form is available outside these stated categories.

C-Forms may be issued only to eligible dealers purchasing specified petroleum products or alcoholic liquor for human consumption, and to manufacturers or processors of those specified goods. Portal access for obtaining C-Forms is disabled. Dealers must show sufficient cause to the assessing authority, whose recommendation is forwarded through the Joint Commissioner for approval. Once approved, the dealer login is temporarily unblocked to download the requested C-Form and immediately blocked again.

Concessional Central Sales Tax purchases against Form C are available only where specified goods are intended for resale or for use in manufacture or processing for sale. Petroleum crude, high speed diesel, motor spirit, natural gas, aviation turbine fuel and alcoholic liquor for human consumption cannot be purchased inter-State against Form C for use in mining, electricity generation or distribution, or telecommunications networks. The communication is clarificatory and is not intended for legal interpretation of statutory provisions.

The Chief Commissioner, State Tax, Rajasthan, delegates the powers under section 84 of the Rajasthan Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 to all Zonal Additional Commissioners (Administration), exercising authority under sub-section (3) of section 5. The delegation takes effect immediately.

Territorial jurisdiction for GST audit is assigned to Joint Commissioners, Deputy Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners of State Tax in Business Audit Circle-I and Business Audit Circle-II for the whole areas of specified zones. These officers may audit registered persons for periods and at frequencies assigned under the audit provisions of the Rajasthan Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017. Zone areas are determined according to notified jurisdictional areas, and the assignment takes effect from 20 June 2022.

Interest paid by Indian bank branches to their head office or overseas branches is deductible in computing permanent-establishment profits under the applicable treaty, although treated as a payment to self under domestic law; the related disallowance was deleted. Year-end foreign-exchange revaluation losses on outstanding forward contracts were treated as allowable business expenditure, while unsupported net exchange losses remained subject to partial disallowance. Interest on Government bonds acquired by the head office as FII was not effectively connected with the Indian permanent establishment and was assessable under the treaty interest article. Bad-debt provision and brought-forward loss claims require fresh computation under the applicable specific rules and prior appellate effects.

Secret commission or business-promotion expenditure is deductible only when the taxpayer establishes that it was incurred wholly and exclusively for business. The taxpayer must provide basic recipient details, payment dates and modes, vouchers, and other supporting evidence. Unsubstantiated secret payments made to secure an unfair advantage are opaque, inconsistent with normal business practice, and fall within the exclusion for expenditure incurred for an unlawful or prohibited purpose. Consequently, the claimed expenditure was not deductible and the disallowance was sustained.

Monetary policy rate setting is expected to remain cautious amid global uncertainty, rising inflation risks and steady domestic growth. The inflation outlook is affected by energy-price pass-through, higher input costs, and seasonal and monsoon-related food-price pressures. Policy decisions are expected to remain data-dependent, guided primarily by domestic inflation, liquidity conditions and economic growth. A cautious or neutral stance is identified as preferable while external risks and inflation developments persist.

Registered multiplexes and cinema halls seeking reimbursement equivalent to SGST for eligible Rajasthani film exhibitions must file prescribed forms, submit all due returns, and apply separately for each tax period. They must reduce the SGST component from ticket sales, deposit the calculated SGST into the treasury, and provide an affidavit confirming compliance and non-collection of SGST from viewers. Reimbursement is first adjusted against outstanding demands; where none exist, approval, budget allocation and payment proceed through the prescribed officers and forms.