Penalty for passing on unreasonable benefits: trusts face penalties equal to the benefit for first offences and greater penalties for repeat breaches. The proposal inserts section 271AAE to penalise trusts or institutions that apply income for the benefit of trustees or specified persons: the Assessing Officer may impose a penalty equal to the aggregate amount so applied where the violation is first detected in a previous year, and a higher penalty where the violation is detected again in a subsequent previous year; this penalty is in addition to any other penalties under Chapter XXI and the amendments take effect for the relevant assessment year following enactment.
Liability of directors of private company clarified as joint responsibility for tax, fees, interest and penalties if company recovery fails. Amendment renames the section title to Liability of directors of private company to reflect that directors are jointly and severally liable where tax cannot be recovered from the company, clarifies that this liability is not conditional on liquidation, and expands the Explanation so that the expression "tax due" expressly includes fees alongside penalty, interest and other sums payable.
Penalty authority expanded: Commissioner (Appeals) may now impose penalties for undisclosed income; per day penalty increased. Amendments enable the Commissioner (Appeals) to levy penalties alongside the Assessing Officer for provisions targeting undisclosed income, unexplained credits or expenditures, and falsification or omission in books of account; and increase the per day penalty for failures to answer questions, sign statements, furnish information, returns or allow inspections to strengthen deterrence. These measures are to take effect from 1 April 2022.
Assessment and reassessment procedures clarified, aligning search linked notices, limitation exclusions and officer level safeguards. Proposed amendments streamline assessment and reassessment procedure by removing duplicate approval requirements for notices under section 148 where an order under section 148A(d) exists, correcting drafting errors in section 148 explanations, extending search/requisition consequences into assessments under sections 143(3), 144 and 147, prescribing officer level approval norms for post search orders, excluding a capped period from limitation where material is seized or requisitioned, and clarifying the meaning of information and threshold conditions for issuing section 148 notices.
Undisclosed income set-off prohibited: losses and unabsorbed depreciation cannot be adjusted against income found by search or survey. Section 79A prohibits set-off of any loss, whether brought forward or otherwise, and unabsorbed depreciation under sub section (2) of section 32 against undisclosed income discovered as a result of a search under section 132, requisition under section 132A, or survey under section 133A (excluding surveys under sub section (2A) of section 133A). "Undisclosed income" is defined to include money, valuables, books entries or transactions not recorded or not disclosed before the detection, and expense entries found to be false and revealed only because of the detection action.
Faceless assessment process: centralised NaFAC-driven electronic workflow directing assessment, verification, technical review and dispute procedures. The amendment centralises faceless assessment through a National Faceless Assessment Centre which assigns cases to Assessment Units and routes all notices, responses, verification requests and technical referrals electronically to Verification, Technical and Review Units; communications are authenticated by digital signature, electronic verification code or portal login and all internal exchanges occur via NaFAC with automated allocation and real time alerting.
Faceless procedures expanded for transfer pricing, dispute resolution and tribunal appeals, after allowing stabilization and consultation. Introduction of faceless procedures under specified direct tax sections (92CA, 144C, 253, 255) is deferred to allow IT system stabilization and Ministry of Law & Justice consultation; appellate procedures must align with tribunal procedure and non-assessment functions will follow phased faceless assessment workflows.
Prosecution for failure to pay tax collected at source extended to mirror prosecution provisions for tax deducted at source. The proposal brings offences for failure to pay tax collected at source into the same prosecution provisions that apply to failures to pay tax deducted at source by expressly including the statutory provision for non-payment of tax collected at source within those prosecution sections, on the basis of the similar nature of the offences; the amendment is to take effect from the stated commencement date.
Sunset clause on historic prosecutions: prohibits initiation of fresh prosecutions under section 276AB from April 2022. Amendments propose a sunset clause in section 276AB to bar initiation of fresh prosecutions after 1 April 2022 for offences connected with transfers of immovable property made in the period when Chapter XX-C had been rendered inapplicable, while permitting continuation of prosecutions already initiated; additionally, section 276B is to be amended to substitute its cross-reference with an explicit reference to the proviso to the withholding provision to remove ambiguity created by prior amendments.
Source of funds requirement for credited sums now requires creditor's explanation, with regulated venture funds exempted. Amendment requires that any sum credited in an assessee's books-whether as loan, borrowing or other liability-will be treated as explained only if the source of funds is satisfactorily explained in the hands of the creditor or entry-provider; exception excludes regulated venture capital entities from this additional onus, and the change applies from the stated operative date to the listed assessment year and thereafter.
Withholding tax refund procedure now allows the payer to seek refund from the Assessing Officer, with appellate review. A new provision allows a person who deducted and bore tax under an agreement, where no deduction was required, to apply to the Assessing Officer for refund; the Assessing Officer may examine the underlying agreement, and the applicant may appeal the Assessing Officer's order to the Commissioner (Appeals). The previous route under section 248 will not apply for payments on or after the appointed date, effecting a procedural shift to assessment stage review.
Exemption withdrawal for foreign technical-assistance remuneration; such income will be taxable from the assessment year beginning April next year. The article sets out the phase-out of exemptions under clauses (8), (8A), (8B) and (9) of section 10 for remuneration, fees and related foreign-source income connected to cooperative or agency technical assistance programmes, describing existing eligibility rules (foreign citizenship/non-ordinary residency, nonresident status, prescribed-authority approvals) and explaining the policy rationale of tax simplification and protecting India's treaty taxing rights; the clauses are proposed to be inapplicable to income for the previous year relevant to the assessment year beginning on or after 1 April 2023.
Concessional tax on foreign dividends removed, aligning tax treatment of foreign and domestic corporate dividends going forward. Withdrawal of the concessional regime under Section 115BBD ends the special tax rate for dividends received by an Indian company from a specified foreign company, aligning their treatment with domestic dividends by making Section 115BBD inapplicable for assessment years beginning on or after the first day of April, 2023 so that such dividends are taxed in the shareholder's hands at applicable rates plus surcharge and cess.
Taxation of virtual digital assets: new flat tax and mandatory withholding reshape transfers and gifting rules. A dedicated tax regime segregates income from transfer of virtual digital assets under section 115BBH, taxing such income at a dedicated rate without deductions except cost of acquisition and disallowing set-off or carry forward of related losses. Section 194S mandates tax deduction at source on payments for transfer to residents with rules for in-kind consideration, specified person exemptions, treatment of suspense accounts as payee credits, and Board-issued guidelines; the definition of virtual digital asset (including NFTs) and gift taxation are adjusted with notification powers for the Central Government.
Bonus and dividend stripping rules extended to securities and pooled investment units, widening anti avoidance coverage. Section 94's anti avoidance provisions will be amended to apply sub section (8) on bonus stripping to securities and to expand dividend stripping rules to units of pooled investment vehicles by revising the Explanation to redefine "unit" to include business trust units such as InvITs, REITs and AIFs, thereby closing existing scope gaps and applying the provisions from the specified assessment year forward.
Expanded reporting obligations now require producers and specified activity persons to report aggregate payments to tax authorities. Section 285B is expanded to require producers of cinematograph films and persons engaged in specified activities to furnish Form 52A statements reporting particulars of aggregate payments above the prescribed threshold made to or due from each person engaged, with timing governed by the end of the financial year or completion of the work.
TDS on business perquisites: providers must deduct tax at source before delivering benefits or perquisites. A new section 194R mandates that the person responsible for providing any benefit or perquisite arising from business or profession to a resident must deduct tax at source on the value or aggregate value of such benefit or perquisite before providing it; where benefits are wholly in kind or partly in cash with insufficient cash to meet the deduction, tax must be ensured paid before release. Exemptions apply below a specified annual value threshold and for individuals or HUFs below specified turnover limits in the preceding year, with a stated effective date.
TDS on immovable property: deduction based on higher of consideration or stamp duty value, with threshold exemption. The amendment requires TDS on transfer of immovable property to be deducted on the higher of the consideration payable or the stamp duty value of the property, ensuring consistency with valuation rules for income and capital gains; if both values are below the prescribed monetary threshold, no TDS is required, and "stamp duty value" carries the meaning assigned in the Act's Explanation.
Specified person rule shortened to increase TDS/TCS coverage and prompt taxpayers to furnish returns under revised criteria. Amendments reduce the non-filing window for the specified person from two years to one year for higher TDS/TCS applicability, substitute 'furnishing' for 'filing' to reflect electronic returns, correct deductor/collectee terminology, exclude specified withholding provisions and certain simplified individual/HUF regimes from section 206AB, and amend cross-references in section 194-IB; effective from April 1, 2022.
Change in shareholding rule: majority voting power retention after strategic disinvestment preserves carry forward of losses, subject to condition. Amendment creates a conditional exemption from the change in shareholding bar on carry forward and set off of losses for an erstwhile public sector company where the ultimate holding company, immediately after strategic disinvestment, continues to hold, directly or through subsidiaries, an aggregate majority of the voting power; failure to maintain that majority in a subsequent year triggers application of the change in shareholding rule for that and later years.
Individual, HUF, association of persons, body of individuals, artificial juridical person. - Rate of TDS during the FY 2025-26 (Assessment Year 2026-27).
1 February, 2025
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New individual tax regime introduces revised slab rates, capped surcharge rules and an option to retain the old regime. Proposed amendments create a revised new tax regime for individuals, HUFs, AOPs, BOIs and artificial juridical persons, prescribing progressive slab rates ... Summary
New individual tax regime introduces revised slab rates, capped surcharge rules and an option to retain the old regime.
Proposed amendments create a revised new tax regime for individuals, HUFs, AOPs, BOIs and artificial juridical persons, prescribing progressive slab rates to determine income-tax from assessment year 2026-27, while allowing taxpayers to opt instead for rates in Part III of the First Schedule. The Part III schedule contains separate slab structures for general residents and for senior and super-senior residents. Computed tax (including specified capital gains) is subject to a multi-tiered surcharge with caps on surcharge for dividend and certain capital gains incomes, special limits for associations of companies, and marginal relief at thresholds.
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