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    competitive taxation structure for shipping companies : Clause 228(14) and (15) of the Income Tax Bi...
    Simplified and concessionary method of taxation based on the net tonnage of qualifying ships, rather...
    computation of tonnage income where ships are jointly operated or where multiple companies are invol...
    Computation of Taxable income of the shipping companies based on Tonnage: Clause 227(1)-(6) of the I...
    Comprehensive Review of the Tonnage Tax Scheme : Clause 226(7) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Sect...
    Presumptive Taxation for Shipping Companies : Clause 226(2)-(6) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 and Sec...
    Examination of "Qualifying Ship" : Clause 235(i) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 115VD of t...
    Defining the Qualifying Company under India's Tonnage Tax Regime : Clause 235(h) of the Income Tax B...
    Continuity and Change in India's Tonnage Tax Regime : Clause 226(1) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs....
    Navigating Special Tax Regimes for Shipping : Clause 225 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 11...
    Interpreting Special Provisions for Shipping Companies : Clause 235 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs....
    Special Tax Regimes for Investment Funds : Clause 224 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 115UB of ...
    special taxation regime for business trusts such as (REITs)/(InvITs) Clause 223 of the Income Tax Bi...
    Special Provisions Relating to Pass-Through Entities in Venture Capital Structures : Clause 222 of I...
    Enforcement and Recovery of Tax on Accreted Income : Clause 352(8) & (9) of the Income Tax Bill, 202...
    Changing Landscape of Interest on Delayed Payment of Tax on Accreted Income : Clause 352(7) of Incom...
    Reforming the Exit Tax Regime for non-profit organizations (NPOs) or charitable institutions : Claus...
    Comprehensive Review of Taxation, Reporting, and Compliance for Securitisation Trusts : Clause 221 o...
    Definitions, Scope, and Impact on the MAT/AMT Regime : Clause 206(19) of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 V...
    Reducing tax avoidance by curbing the excessive use of deductions and exemptions by corporate and se...
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    Act RulesBills
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    Allocation of shared costs and depreciation: apportionment on reasonable basis and fair proportion affects tonnage tax computations.
    Clause 228(14) requires common costs attributable to the tonnage tax business to be allocated on a reasonable basis, with taxpayers maintaining records to support apportionment. Clause 228(15) requires depreciation for assets other than qualifying ships to be apportioned on a fair proportion determined by the Assessing Officer with reference to actual use. Both provisions mirror Section 115VJ, vesting discretion in the AO and preserving the objective of preventing tax arbitrage while increasing documentation and compliance burdens.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tonnage tax regime: clarifies qualifying shipping income, market value inter company valuation, and related party anti avoidance adjustments.
    Tonnage tax applies to qualifying shipping income measured by net tonnage, defined as profits from specified core shipping activities and prescribed incidental activities; incidental income above a prescribed threshold is excluded. Inter business transfers must be computed at market value, with assessing officer power to use reasonable bases in exceptional cases. Related party arrangements producing more than ordinary profits may be adjusted to reasonable levels. The Central Government may exclude activities or set limits by notification subject to parliamentary laying. Losses in tonnage computation are ignored.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Allocation of tonnage income: proportional or independent computation affects tax treatment of jointly operated qualifying ships.
    Computation of tonnage income for jointly operated qualifying ships follows a two-step approach: where participating companies' shares are definite and ascertainable, income is allocated proportionately to each company; where shares are not definite and ascertainable, tonnage income for each operator is computed as if it were the sole operator. The rule aligns taxation with economic interest, creates documentary and compliance incentives, functions as an anti-avoidance measure, and may interact with cross-border tax rules, requiring clearer guidance on "definite and ascertainable" shares and documentation standards.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tonnage tax regime: ships' taxable income computed by daily tonnage rates and aggregation, excluding deductions.
    Clause 227(1)-(6) prescribes a ship wise tonnage tax: each qualifying ship's tonnage income equals its daily tonnage income multiplied by qualifying days, with daily rates set by a four tier slab linked to certified net tonnage. Tonnage includes certified physical tonnage and prescribed deemed tonnage for slot and sharing arrangements, rounded to the nearest hundred tons. A non obstante clause bars any deductions or set offs, making the computed tonnage income the exclusive tax base under the Part.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tonnage tax scheme: deemed tonnage income treated as business profits, excluding actual shipping income under eligibility conditions.
    Clause 226(7) mandates that tonnage income be computed under a separate formulaic provision and be deemed to be the profits chargeable under business income, while expressly excluding the actual "relevant shipping income" from tax once the tonnage computation applies; these effects are conditional on compliance with the Part's eligibility, option, separation, and record keeping requirements.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tonnage tax scheme: elective presumptive taxation for shipping income, requiring separate accounting and exclusive computation under qualifying criteria.
    The tonnage tax scheme is an elective presumptive regime requiring eligible companies operating qualifying ships to compute profits from that business exclusively under the tonnage basis; the tonnage tax business is treated as a separate business with independent computation and accounting, and companies not opting or ineligible must compute shipping profits under the normal provisions of the Act.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Qualifying ship definition governs tonnage tax eligibility by tying registration, certification, and operational use to tax benefit access.
    The definition of qualifying ship in Clause 235(i) requires three operative conditions for tonnage tax eligibility: a minimum net tonnage, registration under the relevant shipping statute or an authorised foreign licence, and a valid certificate evidencing net tonnage. It lists explicit exclusions-vessels providing services normally provided on land, fishing vessels, factory ships, pleasure crafts, harbour and river ferries, offshore installations-and disqualifies vessels used for fishing beyond a specified threshold in a tax year, anchoring eligibility in maritime regulatory certification and operational use.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Place of effective management central to qualifying company status, restricting tonnage tax benefits to genuinely India-managed shipping firms.
    The qualifying company for the tonnage tax regime must satisfy four cumulative conditions: be an Indian company; have its place of effective management in India-defined to include decisions made by executives as well as the board; own at least one qualifying ship; and have its main object as operating ships. Clause 235(h) consolidates these criteria within a broader definitional framework and references updated maritime legislation to clarify eligibility and reduce interpretive disputes.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tonnage tax eligibility defined by operation status: owners and charterers qualify, long term bareboat lessors excluded.
    Clause 226(1) treats a company as operating a ship or inland vessel if it owns or charters a vessel, including partial charters such as slot, space, or joint charters, and excludes companies that have chartered out vessels on bareboat charter or bareboat charter cum demise terms for periods exceeding three years, thereby distinguishing operational risk bearing operators from passive, long term financiers for purposes of the tonnage tax scheme.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tonnage tax regime: option to compute shipping income on a tonnage basis with deeming treatment as business profits.
    Clause 225 creates a self-contained tonnage tax regime for companies operating qualifying ships, allowing an option to compute income under its Part with a deeming provision treating that income as profits and gains of business; key operational questions concern the definition of qualifying ships, the option's exercise and lock-in mechanics, and interaction with loss set-off, allowances, and other tax measures.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tonnage tax definitions: expanded, self-contained eligibility rules broaden coverage and tighten residency and exclusion tests.
    Clause 235 consolidates and expands tonnage tax definitions by explicitly including inland vessels, embedding a detailed qualifying company test requiring Indian residency, ownership of qualifying ships, principal shipping business, and a specified place of effective management; it also defines qualifying ship with tonnage, registration/licensing and certification requirements and enumerated exclusions to prevent abuse.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Pass-through taxation preserves investor-level tax treatment of investment fund income while ring-fencing fund-level losses.
    Clause 224 restates a pass-through regime: income from investments in a regulated fund is taxed in the hands of unit holders as if held directly, while business income remains taxable at the fund level. Business losses are ring fenced at the fund; other losses pass through subject to holding period conditions and transitional attribution of legacy losses to unit holders. Income retained by the fund is deemed credited to unit holders at year end and prescribed statements must be furnished to unit holders and tax authorities to secure transparency and enforcement.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Pass-through taxation for business trusts preserves income character and shifts tax consequences to unit holders with reporting duties.
    The clause establishes a statutory pass-through mechanism under which income distributed by business trusts is deemed to retain its original character and proportion in the hands of unit holders, while subjecting the trust's total income to tax at the maximum marginal rate subject to specified withholding provisions; it also deems certain scheduled categories of distributed income taxable on distribution, carves out specified statutory exceptions, and imposes prescribed reporting obligations on payers to unit holders and tax authorities.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Pass-through taxation of venture capital income taxes investors as if invested directly, with reporting and deemed-credit safeguards.
    Pass-through taxation requires that income arising to investors from venture capital companies or funds be taxed in the investor's hands as if invested directly, with the fund and payer furnishing prescribed statements to investors and tax authorities; undistributed income is deemed credited to investors at year-end in proportion to entitlement, while income already included on an accrual basis is not taxed again on actual payment; specified investment funds are excluded and key terms are defined in the schedule.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Tax on accreted income: transferees and officers may be deemed assessees in default, with liability limited to asset value.
    Clause 352(8) deems the specified person (NPO) and its principal officer or trustee to be assessee in default for unpaid tax on accreted income and applies all recovery provisions of the Act; it also deems a transferee of assets in specified dissolution cases to be an assessee in default in respect of such tax. Clause 352(9) limits the transferee's liability to the extent the asset received is capable of meeting the liability, ensuring proportionality in recovery.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Accreted income interest compels prompt tax payment and creates joint personal liability for trustees and principal officers.
    Clause 352(7) imposes simple interest for delayed payment of tax on accreted income, with joint and several liability on the specified person and the principal officer or trustee; interest is computed monthly (any part-month treated as a full month) using an explicit formula, and liable persons are deemed assessee in default to enable statutory recovery mechanisms.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Exit tax on accreted income expands triggers and fixes final levy after prescribed valuation and procedural safeguards.
    A tax on accreted income charges NPOs additional income tax at the maximum marginal rate when specified events occur; accreted income equals aggregate fair market value of assets less total liabilities on a specified date, computed under prescribed valuation methods, with exclusions as prescribed. The Assessing Officer must afford a hearing before ordering tax, the bill sets a detailed table of triggering events and payment timelines, and the tax payment is final with no further credit or deduction allowed.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Pass-through taxation for securitisation trust income preserves investor-level taxation while mandating reporting and deemed-accrual rules.
    Clause 221 establishes a pass-through taxation regime for income from securitisation trusts, preserving the character and proportion of underlying income in the hands of investors, deeming unpaid accruals as credited on the last day of the tax year to prevent deferral, requiring prescribed statements to investors and tax authorities, and preventing double taxation by excluding income already taxed on accrual from subsequent inclusion on actual payment.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Minimum alternate tax definitions shape MAT/AMT computation and Ind AS transition treatment, narrowing tax arbitrage opportunities.
    Clause 206(19) supplies granular definitions aligning MAT/AMT computation with Ind AS convergence, insolvency law and cross statutory terms. Key terms include adjudicating authority (IBC), convergence date, transition amount with specified exclusions, net worth, company classifications, securities, tribunal, unit (IFSC) and year of convergence. These definitions phase in Ind AS transition impacts, harmonize tax and insolvency treatment, clarify eligibility for concessional AMT rates, and reduce tax arbitrage and interpretive disputes compared with the narrower definitions in Section 115JF.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Minimum alternate tax exclusions: narrow MAT/AMT to specified taxpayers including life insurers, alternative regime opters, presumptive and small taxpayers.
    Clause 206(18) narrows MAT/AMT applicability by exempting companies with life insurance income, taxpayers who opt for specified alternative tax regimes, persons taxed under special or presumptive computation sections, specified funds identified in the Schedule, and non corporate persons whose adjusted total income falls below the statutory threshold; the exclusions reflect sectoral accounting differences, aim to promote concessional regimes and financial competitiveness, and reduce compliance burdens while requiring clear definitions and anti abuse safeguards.

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      Customs - Review of exemptions prescribed by other notifications:

      24 July, 2024

      Contents
      Notifications
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      Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

      (a) The BCD exemption for the goods covered under the following notifications are being extended upto 31st March, 2026.

      S. No.

      Notification No.

      Brief Description

      1.

      30/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Exemption to motion picture, music, gaming software for use in gaming console printed or recorded on media

      2.

      05/2017-Customs dated 2 February 2017

      Exemption to machinery, components for setting up fuel cell based on waste to energy

      3.

      113/2003-Customs dated 22 July 2003

      Exemption to castor oil cake and castor de-oiled cake manufactured from indigenous castor oil seeds on indigenous plant and machinery by unit in SEZ and brought to DTA

      4.

      81/2005-Customs dated 8 September 2005

      Exemption to machinery/components for initial setting up of non-conventional power generation plants

      5.

      26/2011-Customs dated 1 March 2011

      Exemption to work of art, antiques in museum or art gallery

      6.

      248/1976-Customs dated 2 August 1976

      Exemption to precious stones imported by posts on 'approval or return' basis

      7.

      24/2001-Customs dated 1st March 2001

      Exemption to copper cathodes, wire bars and wire rods produced out of copper reverts

      8.

      25/2001-Customs dated 1st March 2001

      Exemption on gold and silver produced out of copper anode slime which were exported out of India for toll smelting and processing

      9.

      32/1997-Customs dated 1st April 1997

      Exemption to goods imported for execution of an export order for jobbing

      Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description.

      (b) The BCD exemption for the goods covered under the following notifications are being extended upto 31st March, 2029.

      S. No.

      Notification No.

      Brief Description

      1.

      16/1965-Customs dated 23 January 1965

      Exemption to goods exported to foreign countries for display in show-rooms of Govt of India

      2.

      80/1970-Customs 29 August 1970

      Goods supplied freely under warranty as replacement for defective ones in lieu of earlier imported goods.

      3.

      207/89-Customs dated 17 July 1989

      Foodstuffs and provisions (excluding fruit products, tobacco, alcohol) by foreigners

      4.

      147/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Firearms and ammunition when imported for use by a renowned shooter

      5.

      148/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Specified gifts; goods gifted free under a bilateral agreement; goods imported by Indian Red cross Society, goods for the purposes of relief and rehabilitation

      6.

      152/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Appliance/aids for blind/handicapped imported by institution for blind & deaf; and other specified teaching aids imported by Govt Universities

      7.

      153/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Articles for foreign origin imported for repair and return, theatrical equipment and costumes, mountaineering expedition equipment, photographic, filming recording etc

      8.

      134/94-Customs dated 22 June 1994

      Specified capital goods, and other ancillary items imported for repairs

      9.

      39/96-Customs dated 23 July 1996

      Specified imports relating to Defence, internal security forces and Air Force.

      10.

      50/96-Customs dated 23 July 1996

      Specified equipment, instruments, raw materials, components, pilot plant and computer software when imported for publicly funded R & D projects

      11.

       51/96-Customs dated 23 July 1996

      Scientific and technical instruments, apparatus, equipment, accessories etc when imported by publicly funded research institution

      12.

      25/1998-Customs dated 2 June 1998

      Capital goods/machinery/ measuring instruments for manufacture of semiconductor wafers.

      13.

      23/2016-Customs dated 1 March 2016

      Parts of aircraft when imported into India under the Standard Exchange Scheme

      14.

      32/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Imports of artwork and antique books

      15.

      37/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Imports in relation to defense and international security forces including medals, decorations, personal effects of Defense Personnel, bonafide gifts from foreign donors, stores and goods for trials, demonstration

      16.

      16/2017-Customs dated 20 April, 2017

      Specified medicines from whole of the duty of customs, when imported for supply under Specified Patient Assistance Programme

      17.

      25/1999-Customs dated 28 February 1999

      Capital goods/machinery used by the IT/Electronics industry, subject to actual user condition.

      18.

      25/2002-Customs dated 1 March 2002

      Specified raw materials, inputs and parts for use in manufacture of specified electronic items

      19.

      35/2017-Customs dated 30th June 2017

      Aviation Turbine Fuel in the tanks of the aircrafts of an Indian Airline or of the Indian Air Force

      Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description.

      (c) The end dates prescribed are being removed in the following notifications:

      S. No.

      Notification No.

      Brief Description

      1.

      49/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Exemption to special Additional Duty on specified goods of fourth schedule to Central Excise Act

      2.

      52/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Effective rate of Additional duty for goods under Chapter 27

      3.

      29/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Exemption to specimen, models, wall pictures and diagrams for instructional purposes

      4.

      46/1974-Customs dated 25 May 1974

      Pedagogic material for educational or vocational training courses

      Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description


      Full Text:

      Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax