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    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Retention money recognition as revenue requires reasonable certainty of ultimate collection under ICDS on construction contracts.
    Retention money, as part of overall contract revenue under the ICDS on construction contracts, shall be recognised as revenue only when the contingency tied to performance is satisfied or there is reasonable certainty of its ultimate collection.
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    Inventory recording requirement under ICDS II now mandates service providers to maintain inventories and disclose valuation for tax purposes.
    Service providers are required to maintain records of inventories under the ICDS II standard on valuation of inventories, extending mandatory inventory recognition, valuation and disclosure obligations to entities providing services for purposes of income computation.
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    Valuation of Inventories: ICDS II applies to traders and dealers of primary commodities while excluding producers.
    ICDS II governs valuation of inventories for income computation and disclosure. The standard is excluded for a producer of primary goods like livestock, agricultural and forest products, mineral oils, ores and gases, but it applies to persons who trade or deal in those commodities; therefore the producer/dealer distinction determines whether ICDS II applies.
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    ICDS II valuation excluded for closely held company shares when ICDS VIII classifies them as securities outside its scope.
    Shares of a company in which the public are not substantially interested are excluded from ICDS II valuation even if held as inventory, because ICDS VIII's definition of securities expressly includes such shares, placing them outside ICDS II's scope.
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    ICDS II applicability to derivatives: derivatives held as inventory fall under ICDS II because securities exclusion applies.
    Where an assessee holds derivatives as part of inventory, the valuation and related provisions of ICDS II apply because the definition of securities in ICDS VIII expressly excludes derivatives, so such instruments are governed by the inventory valuation standard rather than the securities disclosure regime.
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    Disclosure of accounting policies: ICDS requires taxpayers to disclose net ICDS effect in returns and tax audit report.
    ICDS I mandates disclosure of significant accounting policies and requires the net effect on taxable income from application of ICDS to be disclosed in the Return of Income; ICDS disclosures are to be made in the tax audit report in Form 3CD, with no separate disclosure requirement for persons not liable to tax audit.
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    Marked-to-market gain recognition: ICDS I's non-recognition rule for MTM loss applies equally to gains.
    Recognition of marked-to-market losses or expected loss is disallowed under ICDS I unless permitted by other ICDS provisions; the same conditional rule applies mutatis mutandis to recognition of marked-to-market gains or expected profit, so gains or anticipated income may not be recognised for income computation unless another ICDS expressly authorises recognition.
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    Accounting Policies: treat ICDS I as computation policies affecting taxable income computation, not books of account.
    ICDS I should be read as prescribing computation policies for taxable income so that accrual, going concern, consistency, substance over form and non recognition of mark to market losses apply to income computation under business or other sources, and the disclosure requirement concerns the policies used in computing income rather than the policies used for maintaining books of account.
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    Interpretation of undefined tax terms: ICDS provisions generally govern unless declared ultra vires by a competent authority.
    Where a term in the ICDS coincides with terminology in Accounting Standards, the AS interpretation generally applies; where no AS analogue exists, judicial tax-law interpretations ordinarily govern. If a current ICDS provision conflicts with earlier AS or judicial interpretations, the ICDS provision will prevail for tax computation and disclosure unless declared ultra vires by a competent court or authority.
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    ICDS applicability: ICDS do not apply to MAT on book profit but apply to AMT on adjusted total income.
    ICDS do not apply to MAT because MAT is computed on book profit as per the Profit and Loss Account under company law, with specific statutory adjustments; ICDS are not incorporated into that book profit basis. ICDS apply to AMT because AMT is calculated on adjusted total income derived from total income determined under the regular tax provisions, and ICDS affect that regular computation.
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    Income Computation standards: specific tax-rule provisions prevail over general ICDS when the two provisions conflict.
    ICDS are subordinate general principles for computing income and do not override specific provisions of the Income-tax Rules; where a specific rule governs a particular circumstance, that rule prevails over any inconsistent ICDS guidance.
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    ICDS applicability may govern specified transactional tax issues, raising whether prior judicial precedents remain operative.
    The ICDS, notified under section 145(2), are intended to standardise computation of business and other income for the transactional issues they address and apply to assessment years following notification. They were framed after reviewing judicial views to supply authoritative guidance where earlier judicial decisions arose without statutory standards; nevertheless, some ICDS provisions may conflict with those precedents, posing a question about which authority should prevail.
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    ICDS application: accounting standards govern business income computation for exempt trusts, triggering ICDS when commercial books are maintained.
    ICDS do not apply to the standalone computation of exemption for charitable entities based on the commercial concept of income; however, when income is taxed under the regular heads, ICDS apply to income classified under Profits and Gains of Business or Profession and Income from Other Sources if books are kept on the mercantile system. If a trust carries on incidental business with separate books, business income must be computed on a commercial basis and ICDS apply to that business income despite entitlement to charitable exemption.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Applicability of ICDS may indirectly determine whether TDS provisions apply by altering gross receipts/turnover calculations.
    ICDS influence the computation of gross receipts/turnover used to determine whether statutory TDS provisions apply; while ICDS govern income computation and not TDS rules, their application to receipts can indirectly change whether individuals, HUFs or presumptive taxpayers cross the turnover benchmarks that attract TDS obligations.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    ICDS applicability: applies to taxable income computation under business or other income irrespective of Ind AS adoption.
    For computing taxable income under the heads Profits and Gains of Business or Profession and Income from Other Sources, ICDS provisions govern determination of income irrespective of whether an entity follows erstwhile Accounting Standards or Ind AS for financial reporting; companies adopting Ind AS must apply ICDS adjustments when computing taxable income under those heads.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    ICDS applicability clarified: sector-specific provisions and statutory overrides determine application to banks, insurers and financial firms.
    ICDS apply generally for income computation unless an ICDS contains sector-specific provisions or the substantive law provides a special regime; ICDS VIII addresses banks and certain financial institutions, while statutory and regulatory accounting requirements for insurance business prevail over general ICDS provisions.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    ICDS applicability to non-residents ensures income is determined under ICDS before flat-rate tax treatment on passive receipts.
    ICDS applies to non-resident income taxed at a flat rate-such as interest, royalty and fees for technical services-because the flat tax is applied after determination of income, so Income Computation and Disclosure Standards govern measurement and recognition for computing taxable income.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Change of accounting method: an assessee may adopt cash basis if the change is bona fide and consistently applied thereafter.
    An assessee may change the method of accounting from mercantile to cash basis if the change is bona fide and is followed regularly thereafter; such a change is distinct from a change in accounting policy and must be consistently applied to support proper income computation and disclosure.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    ICDS revenue recognition applies to presumptive tax schemes computing income from gross receipts or turnover.
    ICDS on revenue recognition applies to taxpayers under presumptive tax schemes when such schemes compute income by reference to gross receipts, turnover or similar revenue measures; absent an express exclusion, ICDS principles govern the computation of those receipts or turnover for income-tax computation and disclosure.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Accounting method application: ICDS governs sources using the mercantile system but not sources accounted on a cash basis.
    ICDS applies at the source level: it governs only those sources where the assessee follows the mercantile (accrual) system of accounting and does not apply to sources maintained on the cash system, a distinction intended to prevent escapement of income caused by heterogeneous accounting across an assessee's activities.

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      Customs - Review of exemptions prescribed by other notifications:

      24 July, 2024

      Contents
      Notifications
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      Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

      (a) The BCD exemption for the goods covered under the following notifications are being extended upto 31st March, 2026.

      S. No.

      Notification No.

      Brief Description

      1.

      30/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Exemption to motion picture, music, gaming software for use in gaming console printed or recorded on media

      2.

      05/2017-Customs dated 2 February 2017

      Exemption to machinery, components for setting up fuel cell based on waste to energy

      3.

      113/2003-Customs dated 22 July 2003

      Exemption to castor oil cake and castor de-oiled cake manufactured from indigenous castor oil seeds on indigenous plant and machinery by unit in SEZ and brought to DTA

      4.

      81/2005-Customs dated 8 September 2005

      Exemption to machinery/components for initial setting up of non-conventional power generation plants

      5.

      26/2011-Customs dated 1 March 2011

      Exemption to work of art, antiques in museum or art gallery

      6.

      248/1976-Customs dated 2 August 1976

      Exemption to precious stones imported by posts on 'approval or return' basis

      7.

      24/2001-Customs dated 1st March 2001

      Exemption to copper cathodes, wire bars and wire rods produced out of copper reverts

      8.

      25/2001-Customs dated 1st March 2001

      Exemption on gold and silver produced out of copper anode slime which were exported out of India for toll smelting and processing

      9.

      32/1997-Customs dated 1st April 1997

      Exemption to goods imported for execution of an export order for jobbing

      Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description.

      (b) The BCD exemption for the goods covered under the following notifications are being extended upto 31st March, 2029.

      S. No.

      Notification No.

      Brief Description

      1.

      16/1965-Customs dated 23 January 1965

      Exemption to goods exported to foreign countries for display in show-rooms of Govt of India

      2.

      80/1970-Customs 29 August 1970

      Goods supplied freely under warranty as replacement for defective ones in lieu of earlier imported goods.

      3.

      207/89-Customs dated 17 July 1989

      Foodstuffs and provisions (excluding fruit products, tobacco, alcohol) by foreigners

      4.

      147/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Firearms and ammunition when imported for use by a renowned shooter

      5.

      148/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Specified gifts; goods gifted free under a bilateral agreement; goods imported by Indian Red cross Society, goods for the purposes of relief and rehabilitation

      6.

      152/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Appliance/aids for blind/handicapped imported by institution for blind & deaf; and other specified teaching aids imported by Govt Universities

      7.

      153/94-Customs dated 13 July 1994

      Articles for foreign origin imported for repair and return, theatrical equipment and costumes, mountaineering expedition equipment, photographic, filming recording etc

      8.

      134/94-Customs dated 22 June 1994

      Specified capital goods, and other ancillary items imported for repairs

      9.

      39/96-Customs dated 23 July 1996

      Specified imports relating to Defence, internal security forces and Air Force.

      10.

      50/96-Customs dated 23 July 1996

      Specified equipment, instruments, raw materials, components, pilot plant and computer software when imported for publicly funded R & D projects

      11.

       51/96-Customs dated 23 July 1996

      Scientific and technical instruments, apparatus, equipment, accessories etc when imported by publicly funded research institution

      12.

      25/1998-Customs dated 2 June 1998

      Capital goods/machinery/ measuring instruments for manufacture of semiconductor wafers.

      13.

      23/2016-Customs dated 1 March 2016

      Parts of aircraft when imported into India under the Standard Exchange Scheme

      14.

      32/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Imports of artwork and antique books

      15.

      37/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Imports in relation to defense and international security forces including medals, decorations, personal effects of Defense Personnel, bonafide gifts from foreign donors, stores and goods for trials, demonstration

      16.

      16/2017-Customs dated 20 April, 2017

      Specified medicines from whole of the duty of customs, when imported for supply under Specified Patient Assistance Programme

      17.

      25/1999-Customs dated 28 February 1999

      Capital goods/machinery used by the IT/Electronics industry, subject to actual user condition.

      18.

      25/2002-Customs dated 1 March 2002

      Specified raw materials, inputs and parts for use in manufacture of specified electronic items

      19.

      35/2017-Customs dated 30th June 2017

      Aviation Turbine Fuel in the tanks of the aircrafts of an Indian Airline or of the Indian Air Force

      Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description.

      (c) The end dates prescribed are being removed in the following notifications:

      S. No.

      Notification No.

      Brief Description

      1.

      49/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Exemption to special Additional Duty on specified goods of fourth schedule to Central Excise Act

      2.

      52/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Effective rate of Additional duty for goods under Chapter 27

      3.

      29/2017-Customs dated 30 June 2017

      Exemption to specimen, models, wall pictures and diagrams for instructional purposes

      4.

      46/1974-Customs dated 25 May 1974

      Pedagogic material for educational or vocational training courses

      Note: Description of entries is indicative. Notification may be referred to for complete description


      Full Text:

      Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax