Fixed place permanent establishment requires evidence of business carried on through premises at the non-resident's disposal in India.

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....Fixed place permanent establishment under the India-Thailand DTAA requires cogent evidence that the non-resident enterprise carried on its business through a place at its disposal in India. Survey material showing expatriates working with an Indian group company and receiving remuneration from a Japanese parent did not establish that they acted for the Thailand-based supplier, were deputed by it, or that it had a fixed place of business in India. Associated-enterprise status alone was insufficient to create a permanent establishment. On identical facts, the supplier was treated as having no permanent establishment in India, making the transfer-pricing grounds infructuous.....