Same-transaction test governs whether multiple cheating allegations under one conspiracy may proceed through a single FIR and joint trial.

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

Full Text of the Document

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

....A single FIR may cover multiple allegations of cheating arising from one criminal conspiracy where the information concerns the same cognizable offence, occurrence or connected transaction; later complaints may be treated as witness statements during investigation. Whether offences form the same transaction depends on unity of purpose and design, proximity of time and place, and continuity of action, and these considerations are not cumulative. The Magistrate must assess the investigation material to decide whether connected cheating allegations warrant joint charges and trial or require separate trials. Complainants treated as witnesses may file protest petitions against closure reports or proposed discharge.....