Hong Kong, Jul 15 (AP) China's economy slowed sharply to a 4.3 per cent annualised pace of growth in the April-June quarter, the government said Wednesday, the weakest in over three years.

The official data fell short of forecasts and was far below the economy's strong 5 per cent pace of growth in January-March, despite a surge in exports driven partly by the boom in artificial intelligence, and by robust global demand for Chinese electric vehicles.

China has largely shrugged off wider economic impacts from the Iran war as soaring energy prices pushed up global inflation. Exports rose 17.6 per cent in the first half of the year from a year earlier, and 27 per cent in June, according to customs data.

But domestic spending and investment have lagged, limiting the boost from export manufacturing for an economy that has struggled to regain momentum since parts of China were locked down during the COVID-19 pandemic.

“This was the slowest growth in any quarter since the lockdown-impacted fourth quarter of 2022,” said Lynn Song, chief economist for Greater China at ING Bank in a note.

Some economists say China's economy is becoming increasingly unbalanced as heavy state support and private investments pour into frontier technologies like AI, computer chips and robotics while other areas such as lower-value manufacturing and jobs creating services industries languish.

Exports of high-tech products such as electric vehicles, computer chips and other electronic equipment have risen sharply, helped by hefty government support since China's leaders have made development of advanced technologies a top priority.

China ran a record USD 1.2 trillion global trade surplus last year, drawing complaints from policymakers in other countries over their trade imbalances with the world's second-largest economy. Many have pointed to those heavy state subsidies, which they say contribute to an oversupply of manufactured goods that end up being exported overseas.

As is true in many countries, the expansion of AI and robotics has also raised worries at home over whether businesses will create enough jobs to sustain growth in the longer term.

Chinese families have cut back on big purchases, their appetite for spending constrained by a prolonged property slump and uncertainties over jobs and wages.

As China remains reliant on its exports to sustain overall growth, “China's growth model has become increasingly imbalanced,” said Eswar Prasad, a professor of economics and trade policy at Cornell University. Substantially increasing domestic demand will be tough as confidence remains weak, he added.

Mao Shengyong, deputy head of China's National Bureau of Statistics, told reporters that given the increasingly unstable and uncertain global situation, the imbalance between strong supply and weak demand “remains acute” at home.

As China focuses on high-tech manufacturing and pursues “higher-quality economic growth,” it will work to build a robust domestic market and offer support to keep employment stable, he said.

China's economy is going through a “significant transition,” said Wei Li, Head of Multi-Asset Investments at BNP Paribas Securities (China).

For the whole of 2026, Chinese leaders have set a growth target of 4.5 per cent to 5 per cent, slower than last year's 5 per cent. Overall economic growth for the first half of the year was at 4.7 per cent, the data released Wednesday showed.

The International Monetary Fund recently raised its forecast for China's annual growth by 0.2 percentage point to 4.6 per cent. It expects China's economy to expand just 4.1 per cent in 2027. (AP) GSP

Export-led growth exposes weak domestic demand as high-technology manufacturing support raises trade imbalance and employment concerns. China's growth has become increasingly reliant on strong exports of high-technology manufactured products, while domestic consumption and investment remain weak. Household spending is constrained by the property-sector downturn and uncertainty over jobs and wages. Policy support and investment in artificial intelligence, robotics and advanced manufacturing have strengthened exports but raised concerns about trade imbalances, excess production capacity and employment creation. The policy direction identified is to strengthen the domestic market and maintain employment while pursuing higher-quality growth.