<h1>Energy security measures cushion supply shocks but elevate price volatility and macroeconomic pressures for oil importers.</h1> Escalating tensions around Iran and the Strait of Hormuz create near-term energy security risks for India manifested chiefly as price volatility and macroeconomic pressure rather than immediate physical shortages. Layered inventory buffers - commercial stocks, in transit cargoes and Strategic Petroleum Reserves - combined with diversified sourcing options (including Atlantic suppliers and Russian optionality) reduce the likelihood of sustained supply disruption, though longer transit times and LNG contractual rigidity limit rapid substitution and increase vulnerability to prolonged closures.