<h1>US tariffs and export controls prompt focus on economic sovereignty and strategic Swadeshi; recommends building enduring national capabilities.</h1> The text assesses rising trade fragmentation and identifies US tariffs, export controls and technology denial regimes as drivers undermining rules-based trade; it prescribes building enduring national capabilities to reinforce economic sovereignty, making Swadeshi a defensive and offensive policy lever to ensure continuity of production in external shocks. It further warns that carbon border mechanisms and fiscal infrastructure initiatives abroad alter access to inputs and markets, requiring deliberate cultivation of strategic indispensability while implementing Swadeshi measures in a manner that preserves efficiency, innovation and selective global integration.