<h1>Presidential authority expansion framed national security policy, prompting judicial and political constraints on executive power.</h1> Dick Cheney championed and defended extraordinary surveillance, detention, and interrogation authorities and asserted broad presidential prerogatives in national security, using vice presidential networks and secrecy to influence policy on Iraq, energy, and executive power; courts and shifting political realities later constrained some efforts to broaden presidential authority and to secure special treatment for suspected terrorists.