Washington, Oct 15 (AP) Teenagers on Instagram will be restricted to seeing PG-13 content by default and will not be able to change their settings without a parent's permission, Meta announced on Tuesday.

This means kids using teen-specific accounts will see photos and videos on Instagram that are similar to what they would see in a PG-13 movie -- no sex, drugs or dangerous stunts, among others.

"This includes hiding or not recommending posts with strong language, certain risky stunts, and additional content that could encourage potentially harmful behaviours, such as posts showing marijuana paraphernalia," Meta said in a blog post on Tuesday, calling the update the most significant since it introduced teen accounts last year.

Anyone under 18 who signs up for Instagram is automatically placed into restrictive teen accounts unless a parent or guardian gives them permission to opt out. The teen accounts are private by default, have usage restrictions on them and already filter out more "sensitive" content -- such as those promoting cosmetic procedures. But kids often lie about their ages when they sign up for social media, and while Meta has began using artificial intelligence to find such accounts, the company declined to say how many adult accounts it has determined to be minors since rolling out the feature earlier this year.

The company is also adding an even stricter setting that parents can set up for their children.

The changes come as the social media giant faces relentless criticism over harms to children. As it seeks to add safeguards for younger users, Meta has already promised it would not show inappropriate content to teens, such as posts about self-harm, eating disorders or suicide.

But this does not always work. A recent report, for instance, found that teen accounts researchers created were recommended age-inappropriate sexual content, including "graphic sexual descriptions, the use of cartoons to describe demeaning sexual acts, and brief displays of nudity".

In addition, Instagram also recommended a "range of self-harm, self-injury, and body image content" on teen accounts that the report says "would be reasonably likely to result in adverse impacts for young people, including teenagers experiencing poor mental health, or self-harm and suicidal ideation and behaviours".

Meta called the report "misleading, dangerously speculative" and that it misrepresents its efforts on teen safety.

Josh Golin, the executive director of the nonprofit Fairplay, said he is "very sceptical about how this will be implemented".

"From my perspective, these announcements are about two things. They are about forestalling legislation that Meta does not want to see, and they are about reassuring parents who are understandably concerned about what is happening on Instagram," he said.

"Splashy press releases will not keep kids safe, but real accountability and transparency will," Golin said, adding that passing the federal Kids Online Safety Act would push for this accountability.

Ailen Arreaza, executive director of ParentsTogether, was also sceptical.

"We have heard promises from Meta before, and each time we have watched millions be poured into PR campaigns, while the actual safety features fall short in testing and implementation. Our children have paid the price for that gap between promise and protection," Arreaza said. "While any acknowledgment of the need for age-appropriate content filtering is a step in the right direction, we need to see more than announcements -- we need transparent, independent testing and real accountability." Meta says the new restrictions go further than its previous safeguards. Teens will no longer be able to follow accounts that regularly share "age-inappropriate content" or if their name or bio contains something that is not appropriate for teens, such as a link to an OnlyFans account. If teens already follow these accounts, they will no longer be able to see or interact with their content, send them messages, or see their comments under anyone's posts, the company said. The accounts also will not be able to follow teens, send them private messages or comment on their posts.

Meta said it already blocks certain search terms related to sensitive topics such as suicide and eating disorders, but the latest update will expand this to a broader range of terms, such as "alcohol" or "gore" -- even if they are misspelled.

The PG-13 update will also apply artificial intelligence chats and experiences targeted to teens, Meta said, "meaning AIs should not give age-inappropriate responses that would feel out of place in a PG-13 movie".

The Motion Picture Association, which runs the film-rating system that was established nearly 60 years ago, said it was not contacted by Meta prior to its announcement.

"We welcome efforts to protect kids from content that may not be appropriate for them, but assertions that Instagram's new tool will be guided by PG-13 movie ratings or have any connection to the film industry's rating system are inaccurate," said Charles Rivkin, the chairman and CEO of the association, in a statement.

For parents who want an even stricter setting for their kids, Meta is also launching a "limited content" restriction that will block more content and remove teens' ability to see, leave or receive comments under posts.

To Maurine Molak, the co-founder of Parents for Safe Online Spaces, or ParentsSOS, whose son died by suicide in 2016 after being bullied online, Meta's announcement amounts to what she called a "PR stunt".

"Any time it seems like we are getting close to federal legislation ... that would actually hold them really accountable and create transparency and independent audits and require parental safety tools that work, it seems like they are always releasing some new safeguard," Molak said. "I think it is for Congress to see... 'hey, we have got parents, we got you covered, we are going to take care of you, we do not need legislation' and it is the same thing over and over again." While some advocates worry that the announcement may give parents a false sense of security about the safety of their kids on Instagram, Desmond Upton Patton, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania who studies social media, AI, empathy and race, said it gives a "timely opening for parents and caregivers to talk directly with teens about their digital lives, how they use these tools, and how to shape safer habits that enable positive-use cases".

"I am especially glad to see changes around AI chatbots that make clear they are not human, they do not love you back, and should be engaged with that understanding," he said. "It is a meaningful step toward a more joyful social media experience for teens." (AP) RC