<h1>High-stakes legal term to decide presidential emergency tariff powers, for-cause removal protections, and 14th Amendment birthright citizenship</h1> The Supreme Court's new term will confront major questions about executive authority, including challenges to the president's use of emergency powers to impose broad tariffs, a bid to remove the statutory for-cause protection for independent agency officials, and an appeal seeking to deny birthright citizenship to children of noncitizen parents. The court will also hear consequential voting and campaign-finance disputes over race-conscious redistricting and limits on party coordination with candidates, plus cases on whether bans on transgender girls' participation in school sports violate equal protection and Title IX. A high-court vacancy prospect could influence timing and stakes.