<h1>Public health infrastructure central to primary care; expanded Health & Wellness Centres strengthen last mile services and workforce capacity.</h1> The Economic Survey 2023 treats public health infrastructure as the nerve centre of the public health system and stresses its role in last mile service delivery. It notes operationalisation of a large network of Health & Wellness Centres under Ayushman Bharat to deliver comprehensive primary healthcare closer to communities and records notable enhancement in human resources across physicians, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, allied and community health workers, supported by trend indicators for rural facilities and staffing levels.