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Manufacturing GVA growth under the revised national accounts series highlights stable sectoral contribution and resilience-focused industrial measures. Manufacturing performance is assessed under the revised National Accounts Statistics series using 2022-23 as the base year. Manufacturing's share of total Gross Value Added at current prices remained broadly stable through 2025-26, and Manufacturing GVA at constant prices achieved a compounded annual growth rate of 10.88% from 2022-23 to 2025-26. Production Linked Incentive schemes, logistics and industrial-corridor measures, semiconductor initiatives, and MSME support seek to strengthen domestic manufacturing, diversify supply chains, reduce import dependence, and improve resilience.
Electronic inspection and certified copies expand digital access to judicial records while supporting efficient case management and reduced delays. NCLT has launched e-Inspection and e-Certified Copy Services for faster and more convenient access to judicial records and certified copies by advocates, litigants and other stakeholders. The services support a technology-enabled Registry framework and transparent, efficient justice delivery. Pendency monitoring, workload redistribution, Special Benches, maximisation of court time, and registration and listing guidelines are intended to improve case management, optimise limited judicial resources and reduce avoidable delays.
CBDC-based food subsidy transfers enable eligible beneficiaries to use Digital Rupee wallet credits for traceable foodgrain purchases. CBDC-based Direct Benefit Transfer under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana will credit eligible beneficiaries' food subsidies as programmable Digital Rupee tokens directly into CBDC wallets. Beneficiaries may use these credits to purchase foodgrains from empanelled merchants through secure, real-time and traceable payments, replacing conventional bank-account transfers. The model is intended to improve traceability, reduce leakages and cash handling, enable real-time monitoring of subsidy use, and provide a scalable framework for CBDC integration with welfare schemes.
Preferential trade agreement negotiations begin under agreed terms covering market access, origin rules, trade remedies and dispute settlement. India and the Southern African Customs Union have signed Terms of Reference to commence negotiations for a Preferential Trade Agreement. Negotiations are envisaged on trade in goods and market access, rules of origin, customs procedures and trade facilitation, trade remedies including bilateral safeguards, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, dispute settlement, and legal and horizontal provisions. The Terms of Reference establish the negotiating framework only; preferential tariff treatment and other operative commitments depend on conclusion of a final agreement.
Prepaid plan restructuring eliminates mid-tier daily-data options and channels subscribers toward higher-priced plans with expanded data access. Bharti Airtel has discontinued prepaid plans combining 1.5 GB daily data allowances with unlimited calling, directing subscribers towards higher-priced plans with expanded data access, including unlimited 5G data. The restructuring reduces low-priced unlimited-data offerings and changes the pricing architecture for customers using discontinued mid-tier plans. Management links tariff repair to differentiated mobile-plan categories and sustained average revenue per user growth.
Insolvency professional conduct faces money-laundering allegations over re-admitted claims, creditor committee changes, and a connected resolution applicant. Enforcement action under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act concerns allegations that an insolvency professional re-admitted claims earlier rejected as spurious and fraudulent during the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process. The alleged re-admission altered the Committee of Creditors' composition and facilitated consideration of a resolution plan allegedly submitted for, and funded through an entity controlled by, a company promoter under investigation for diversion of bank-loan funds. Adverse findings reportedly included acting beyond authority by relying on fabricated and improperly submitted material.
Identity document forgery allegations prompt investigation into fraudulent Aadhaar updates and falsified government and educational certificates. Alleged forgery and misuse of identity-related records are under investigation following operations at Aadhaar centres. Seized materials reportedly include forged birth, educational, residence, caste and citizenship certificates, records bearing forged signatures and seals, and equipment used for Aadhaar updates. Four persons were arrested in two operations for allegedly preparing forged records and using them to update Aadhaar cards. Cases have been registered under relevant provisions of the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, with investigation continuing into the extent of the alleged network.
Holding-company governance succession follows leadership departure, requiring transition planning amid unresolved strategy, capital allocation, board representation and listing questions. Tata Sons' leadership succession and governance framework have become central following the chairman's decision not to seek reappointment when his term ends in February 2027. The board has been asked to decide on a successor promptly. Unresolved matters include the strategic roadmap, losses and capital requirements in newer businesses, board representation, capital allocation, an exit route for the Shapoorji Pallonji Group, and the possible listing of Tata Sons. Future leadership must manage these issues while improving returns from investment-intensive businesses and maintaining established operations.
Interest-rate regulation for loans and advances proposes harmonised fixed and floating loan-pricing principles across regulated entities. Interest-rate regulation for loans and advances is proposed to be harmonised across all regulated entities through a principles-based framework for fixed-rate and floating-rate loans. The framework would be calibrated to each entity's nature, complexity and scale, while supporting monetary policy transmission, credit-risk-based pricing, and fair, non-discriminatory borrower treatment. It addresses divergent commercial-bank practices in determining the marginal cost of funds-based lending rate and its components, alongside limited regulatory coverage of fixed-rate loans. Separate final directions are intended for each category of regulated entity after consideration of feedback.
Elevated crude oil prices and Tata leadership transition drove broad equity market selling amid inflation concerns. Indian equity markets declined amid elevated crude oil prices, inflation concerns and broad risk-off selling. Tata Group shares, particularly TCS, came under pressure after N. Chandrasekaran announced that he would not seek reappointment as Tata Sons Chairman when his current term ends. Crude oil prices approaching the USD 90-per-barrel level affected investor confidence because of potential inflationary effects, while uncertainty over United States-Iran negotiations and Strait of Hormuz shipping disruptions added to global energy market concerns.
Trade sovereignty and energy security underpin calls to resist tariff pressure and protect sensitive sectors in bilateral negotiations. Trade sovereignty and energy security are advanced as grounds for resisting tariff pressure linked to Indian purchases of Russian crude. Bilateral trade negotiations should proceed through equality, reciprocity and mutual respect without compromising agriculture, dairy, energy security or strategic autonomy. Concerns are also raised over removal of e-commerce inventory restrictions for foreign direct investment and over proposed Merchant Discount Rate charges on UPI transactions. Withdrawal of the inventory measure and opposition to payment-provider charges are urged, alongside possible restrictions on United States technology and social-media companies and consumer boycotts of American goods and services.
Fair trading practices and circular production are promoted to strengthen Make in India and expand global market participation. Trade and industrial policy messaging encourages businesses to digitise operations, adopt good manufacturing practices, follow fair trading practices, and promote recycling, reuse and a circular economy. Nine free trade agreements are identified as creating preferential market-access opportunities for Indian industry and businesses. MSMEs, entrepreneurs, farmers, fishermen, workers and the services sector are encouraged to expand Indian products and services globally, improve competitiveness through scale, and strengthen the quality, design and brand value associated with Make in India.
Private capital mobilisation requires credible long-term frameworks, risk-sharing mechanisms, and multilateral partnerships to strengthen infrastructure investment. Private capital mobilisation in infrastructure and development finance depends on credible long-term frameworks, investor confidence, project bankability, and balanced risk allocation. Public capital is intended to catalyse rather than replace private investment. Key financing mechanisms include Viability Gap Funding, the Hybrid Annuity Model, credit enhancement, and Infrastructure Investment Trusts. Long-term investment visibility and coordinated connectivity are supported through the National Infrastructure Pipeline and PM Gati Shakti framework, alongside investment measures for freight, rail, waterways, and coastal cargo.
Judicial allowance exemptions under the new tax regime remain disputed, with return processing and resulting demands kept in abeyance. Tax treatment of specified judicial allowances under the new income-tax regime is disputed. Statutory service-condition provisions are asserted to exclude allowances, including official residence, conveyance, sumptuary allowance and leave travel concession, from income computation and to override the Income-tax Act. Pending consideration, affected judges may show these amounts as receipts not in the nature of income, and their returns are not to be processed further. Any resulting demand remains in abeyance, while refundable amounts are withheld subject to the pending proceedings.
Corporate closure data highlights worker-claim treatment through insolvency adjudication and liquidation priority, while affected-worker information remains unmaintained. Corporate closure data recorded 36,211 private companies in Maharashtra as liquidated, dissolved or struck off during the preceding five financial years. Central information is not maintained on workers affected by closures or special rehabilitation packages. In corporate insolvency resolution, employee and worker claims are adjudicated under orders of the adjudicating authority. In winding-up or liquidation, the liquidator deals with pending wages and other admissible statutory dues, subject to available funds and the statutory order of priority.
Compressed biogas development converts organic waste into cleaner fuel, rural income and reduced dependence on imported fossil fuels. CBG development is presented as a route for converting agricultural and organic waste into biomethane, bio-fertiliser and briquettes while reducing fossil-fuel imports, crop-residue burning and waste-management burdens. NexGen Energia's asset-light land-partner model uses landowner-provided sites while the company designs, installs and operates plants, including gas upgrading and offtake logistics. Anaerobic digestion and alternative gas-purification technologies support use of agricultural residue, food waste, manure and distillery effluent. Expansion is linked to the GOBARdhan National Circular Bioenergy Scheme, despite capital, feedstock-aggregation and commissioning constraints.
Bilateral trade cooperation advances through investment focal points, services and health working groups, and planned preferential trade agreement negotiations. India-Namibia economic cooperation is being progressed through agreed follow-up mechanisms focused on value addition, investment facilitation and sectoral collaboration. Investment focal points have been designated, and a Services Working Group is to prepare a work plan for the Joint Trade Committee. Priority areas include health and pharmaceuticals, critical-mineral processing, gems and jewellery, digital payments, FinTech, railways, renewable energy and green hydrogen. Terms of Reference for the India-SACU preferential trade agreement were finalised, with negotiations to begin after signature and conclude within one year.
AI governance in banking requires explainability, board accountability, rigorous testing, vendor controls and meaningful human oversight for customer-facing decisions. AI adoption in banking should be governed through a principles-based and proportionate framework that aligns innovation with financial stability, customer protection and accountability. Banks should maintain inventories of AI systems, adopt board-approved governance policies, ensure explainability for material lending and fraud decisions, conduct periodic red-teaming and stress testing, and preserve meaningful human oversight. Key risks include opacity, bias, vendor concentration, third-party dependence, data misuse, cyber vulnerability and loss of institutional accountability. Vendor arrangements require audit and explanation rights and credible exit plans.
Land acquisition funding and regulatory approvals advance satellite-city development, tax relief, identity enrolment, employment verification, and jail reform. Assam Cabinet approvals include first-phase funding for land acquisition and development of the Aerotropolis Satellite City Project and a lease deed for a hotel supporting the Jagiroad semiconductor ecosystem. Measures also provide Aadhaar enrolment relaxation for Moran and Matak communities, zero agricultural tax up to the prescribed net-income threshold, OBC Non-Creamy Layer certificates, and trainee and graduate-assistance funding. Government jobs will be provisionally held pending police verification, with automatic confirmation where no report is submitted within six months. Jail rules will be amended to promote non-discrimination, sanitation, security and fair work allocation.
Money-laundering investigation into alleged liquor-sale proceeds led to arrest and custodial questioning amid contested political allegations. Money-laundering investigation concerning an alleged liquor scam led to the Enforcement Directorate's arrest of Ramgopal Agrawal and seven days' custodial remand under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. The agency alleged his connection with proceeds of crime, non-attendance despite multiple summonses, and evasiveness during questioning. Allegations concern purported control of the state excise department, illegal liquor sales, and sharing of commissions. The Congress has denied the allegations and described the investigation as politically motivated.
Union Finance Minister Shri Pranab Mukherjee released the first Budget Manual of the Union Government, here today. Releasing the Manual, the Finance Minister said that the Union Budget has evolved over the past six decades to reflect the strength of India's democratic processes in shaping its economy, and has emerged as a crucial tool for Public Finance Management. He said that this Manual is an attempt to bring together the entire Budget related activities and procedures etc. which were hitherto available in a dispersed manner in the form of executive instructions and guidelines . The Manual has been prepared by the Budget Division of the Department of Economic Affairs. Finance Minister Shri Mukherjee congratulated the Division for taking this initiative.
The Finance Minister said Budget Manual is a comprehensive document explaining in detail the procedures and activities connected with the preparation of Budget. Mr Mukherjee said that Budget Manual will serve as a guidance document to the officials involved in Budget making in the Finance Ministry as well as in other Ministries/Departments. He said that it is also expected to act as a good reference document for interested readers and stakeholders. He said that this document is an effort in the direction of fostering greater transparency and better understanding about procedures and systems relating to making of Union Budget.
At the outset, the Manual brings out the Constitutional provisions related to the Budget. It describes the contents of various Budget documents. The Finance Minister said that the Manual also deals with the Organizational aspects, roles and responsibilities of the Parliament, Parliamentary Committees and the responsibilities of various wings of the Executive in the Budget making process. The Union Government's accounting and classification systems have also been explained apart from the working of the Consolidated Fund of India, the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India, the Finance Minister added.
Minister of State for Finance, Shri Namo Narain Meena alongwith the Secretaries of different departments of the Ministry of finance including Finance Secretary, Shri Ashok Chawla, Revenue Secretary, Shri Sunil Mitra, Expenditure Secretary, Smt. Sushma Nath, Secretary, Financial Services, Shri R. Gopalan, Secretary, Disinvestment, Shri Sumit Bose and Chief Economic Advisor, Dr. Kaushik Basu were also present on this occasion among others.
The core sections of the Manual explain the entire chain of activities related to Budget preparation right from the issue of Budget Circular in September to the Budget Day in February, including the processes of estimation of receipts and expenditure, their firming-up and finalization through the Pre-Budget Meetings and their compilation. The comprehensive calendar of Budget related activities, their timelines, details of the related duties and responsibilities of the officers and staff together with the Security and 'Lock-in' procedures have also been brought out. Finally the Manual deals with the Implementation and Reporting of various Budget announcements. There are also a series of Annexes which provide a holistic perspective on the related subjects. An attempt has been made to incorporate all the Budget related issues in the Manual so as to make it a self contained and one stop guidance document.
Text of the Finance Minister's address on the occasion is given below:
"I am pleased to participate in this function to release the Budget Manual for the Union Government. The Budget process of our country predates the Independence and has evolved over the past six decades to reflect the strength of our democratic processes in shaping our economy. It has emerged as a crucial tool for public finance management.
Budget was first introduced on 7th April, 1860, two years after the transfer of Indian administration from East-India Company to British Crown. The first Finance Member, who presented the Budget, was James Wilson. Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan, Member of the Interim Government presented the Budget of 1947-48. After Independence, India's first Finance Minister, Shri Shanmukham Chetty, presented the first budget of independent India on 26th November, 1947.
Toni Morrison, the famous author and winner of the Pulitzer and Nobel Prize for literature, had once stated, I quote-
"If there's a book you really want to read but it hasn't been written yet, then you must write it".
~Toni Morrison
The Union Government Budget Manual is one such book, the need for which has been felt for long. I am happy to note that the Budget Division has brought out this Manual. Large areas of the Budget making procedures and processes have not been in public domain, leading at times to some misinterpretations and conjectures. The Budget Manual will shed such misconceptions. I am sure this Manual will bring about greater transparency and better understanding about the Union Government Budget making procedures and systems.
The Manual attempts to outline the entire chain of events leading to the Union Budget. The purpose of this Budget Manual is to provide guidance and a training tool for the officers and staff engaged in the Budget preparation, not only in the Finance Ministry but in other Ministries/Departments as well.
Finally, I would also like to express my appreciation to the officials of the Finance Ministry for taking this initiative and completing the task of preparing the Union Government Budget Manual.
With these words I would now like to release the Budget Manual for the Union Government."
DSM/GN (Release ID :66030)
Budget Manual consolidates Union Budget procedures and roles, standardising accounting, timelines and transparency for public finance management.
The Budget Manual consolidates dispersed executive instructions into a single guidance document describing Constitutional provisions, contents of budget documents, accounting and classification systems, and the operations of the Consolidated Fund of India, the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India. It delineates roles of Parliament, parliamentary committees and executive wings, and outlines the full sequence of budget formulation from the Budget Circular to Budget Day, including timelines, officer duties, security and lock-in procedures, implementation and reporting, with annexes for related subjects.
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