Books of account requirements govern specified professions, business thresholds, electronic records, retention duties, and penalty exposure for non-compliance.

Maintenance of books of account is required for specified professions and for businesses or other professions meeting prescribed income, turnover, or presumptive-tax conditions. The rules prescribe the books and documents to be kept, including cash book, journal, ledger, supporting bills, receipts, and, for medical professionals, a daily case register and inventory. They also provide exemptions below specified thresholds, require books to be kept at the proper place of business or profession, impose electronic accessibility and India-based backup requirements, and prescribe retention for seven tax years, subject to reopened assessments.

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