Section 477(1) permits summoning persons suspected of holding company property or able to provide information about its affairs. An earlier refusal to summon original directors under another provision did not create res judicata because the statutory power under Section 477(1) had not been considered. The directors were required to disclose by personal affidavits their movable and immovable assets, including post-debenture acquisitions. Technical lag on the e-bidding platform excluded genuine bidders; accepting a single intervening bid could prejudice creditors and debenture holders, so fresh e-bidding for Lot No. 1 was required.

Eligibility for the first proviso to section 45 PMLA depends on the amount a person is accused of laundering alone or jointly with co-accused, rather than funds traced solely to that person's account. A joint accusation exceeding the statutory threshold therefore excluded the proviso's benefit. Under section 45's twin bail conditions, reasonable grounds are assessed on broad probabilities, but the prosecution must first show a scheduled offence, property derived from it, and the accused's knowing involvement in laundering. Documentary material did not sufficiently establish proceeds of crime, collusion, or knowledge; with no alleged prior misuse of liberty and manageable influence concerns, the conditions were satisfied and bail was granted subject to conditions.

Right to speedy trial supported bail in money-laundering proceedings despite the statutory twin conditions where predicate-offence charge-sheets remained unfiled and neither the predicate nor money-laundering trial had a realistic prospect of timely completion. Proceeds of crime under the PMLA must arise from criminal activity relating to a scheduled offence; consequently, final determination of the money-laundering charge depends on establishment of the scheduled offence. The continued unexplained delay constituted a material change from the earlier bail refusal, and constitutional protection of personal liberty under Article 21 justified release on bail subject to conditions.

Original works pertaining to railways, including railway training-school and hostel construction, fall within the service-tax exemption; a de novo authority cannot reopen an exemption or cum-tax valuation benefit left unchallenged and outside the remand scope. Works-contract services for qualifying non-commercial Government, clinical and educational buildings under pre-March 2015 contracts receive retrospective exemption where the recipient is a Governmental Authority, including eligible subcontracted services. Gross receipts are tax-inclusive where tax was not separately collected. A turnover differential requires a factual basis in the notice and record. Nil preceding-year taxable turnover supports threshold exemption. Extended limitation.....

Registration compliance requires bank-account details within 30 days of registration or before filing FORM GSTR-1 or using the invoice furnishing facility, whichever is earlier, and permits risk-based physical verification. Registration must be suspended for material return and supply-data anomalies or failure to furnish bank details, subject to electronic intimation and response. Where FORM GSTR-3B input tax credit exceeds FORM GSTR-2B beyond prescribed parameters, taxpayers must, within seven days, pay the excess credit with interest or provide reasons through FORM GST DRC-01C; unresolved amounts may be pursued through demand and recovery mechanisms.

Pre-packed SIM cards and GSM fixed wireless phones fall within packaged-commodity requirements where supplied without the purchaser being present and at a predetermined value. Transfer of a subscriber's right to use the devices, activation charges, and no commitment to replace lost or damaged devices free of cost may indicate a sale; contractual retention of title does not displace consumer-protection declarations, including price disclosure on the principal display panel. For alleged declaration breaches, non-compliance with a compounding notice leads to proceedings before the jurisdictional Magistrate, preserving the opportunity to raise defences despite the absence of a separate adjudicatory mechanism. The intra-Court appeal succeeded, the quashing order was set aside, and the writ petitions were dismissed.

Cash deposits traceable to recorded jewellery sales, supported by audited books, accepted purchases, stock records and available cash, do not constitute unexplained cash credits where no defect or contrary evidence exists. Section 68 requires a satisfactory explanation of the nature and source of the credit; sales already credited to profit and included in returned income should not be taxed again as unexplained credits. Mere suspicion arising from abnormal sales volumes, unregistered purchases or incorrect VAT figures cannot displace reliable documentary records. Additional profit cannot be estimated from assumed industry margins without evidence that the taxpayer earned a higher margin or that the books, stock, purchases or sales records are unreliable.

Section 34 review is confined to specified grounds and does not permit reappreciation of an arbitrator's findings. A contractual reimbursement clause requiring payment of applicable taxes on completed work upon proof of payment supported reimbursement where the contractor's service-tax payment and evidence were undisputed. The absence of the stipulated Part II of Schedule-A, which the department failed to produce, did not displace the arbitrator's construction of the reimbursement obligation. The award remained within the reference and disclosed neither patent illegality nor excess of jurisdiction; the contractor was entitled to reimbursement of service tax paid.

Holding shares in a subsidiary, without more, does not itself constitute a service supplied by a holding company. Shares are securities, which are excluded from the statutory definitions of goods and services; purchase or sale of shares is therefore not, in itself, a supply. A holding-company service-classification entry does not independently establish a taxable service. Taxability requires an identifiable supply that satisfies the statutory definition of supply, and cannot be inferred merely from ownership of shares or a controlling interest.

Warranty replacement parts and repairs supplied without separate consideration are covered by the value of the taxable original supply; no further GST is payable and no input tax credit reversal is required because they are not exempt supplies. Additional consideration remains taxable. A distributor's invoiced supply of replacement parts or repair services to the manufacturer is taxable, with input tax credit available to the manufacturer subject to applicable conditions. Extended warranties form part of a composite supply when agreed at original supply, but are separate taxable contracts when agreed later.

Where a supplier-side e-commerce operator is not the supplier, it must collect TCS and complete section 52 compliance because it releases payment to the supplier. The buyer-side operator has no TCS or related section 52 obligation for that supply. Where the supplier is itself an e-commerce operator, the buyer-side operator must collect and remit TCS when making payment to that supplier and perform the associated compliance.

Territorial jurisdiction for trial of money-laundering offences is revised by assigning Jaipur Bench districts to the Court of Special Judge (CBI) No. 3, Jaipur, and Jodhpur jurisdiction districts to the Court of Special Judge (CBI), Jodhpur. The Courts of Special Judge (CBI) Nos. 2, 4 and 5 at Jaipur may hear only cases transferred by the Rajasthan High Court. The arrangement distinguishes territorial jurisdiction from transfer-only jurisdiction.

Territorial jurisdiction for trials of money-laundering offences is specified through additional court-and-area entries under section 43(1). Courts in Bengaluru, Dharwad, Kalaburagi and Mangaluru receive defined district groupings. The III Additional District and Sessions Judge, Dharwad, additionally covers Davanagere, while the listed Kalaburagi and Mangaluru courts share the stated district groupings for their respective areas.

Critical Information Infrastructure comprising airport operational computer resources and associated dependencies is declared protected systems under section 70(1) of the Information Technology Act, 2000. Covered systems include airfield lighting, airport operations control and database systems, access control, baggage handling, common-use terminal and passenger-processing systems, CCTV monitoring, and master-clock systems. Access is authorised only for specified personnel holding written, need-based or case-by-case authorisation.

Fresh share allotment is distinguished from sale of securities for GST input tax credit purposes. Where issuance is treated as a capital infusion rather than a sale, share capital and premium proceeds do not form exempt supply turnover and no common input tax credit reversal arises under section 17(2) and Rule 42. The contrary view applies securities valuation for exempt-turnover computation only where there is a sale of securities.

FSDC reviewed macro-financial stability and India's preparedness for related risks, emphasising heightened vigilance, proactive risk mitigation and safeguards for financial-system resilience. Regulatory modernisation measures considered include fintech innovation, tokenisation of financial assets, cyber resilience and implementation of the Financial Sector Cyber Security Strategy. Implementation priorities cover digital KYC, digital onboarding, digital public infrastructure, investment flows, reduced intermediation costs and rationalised credit guarantee schemes. Regulators and stakeholders were urged to expedite the return of unclaimed financial assets to rightful owners.

Import-origin misdeclaration and third-country transshipment were alleged to have been used to evade the prohibition on direct or indirect imports of Pakistani-origin goods. A shipment declared as UAE-origin muskmelon seeds was found to contain watermelon seeds, with evidence of shipment from Pakistan through Dubai, container and vessel changes, and fabricated import documentation. Watermelon seeds were separately restricted for import. The goods were seized under the Customs Act, 1962, and two persons alleged to have handled overseas supply and Indian import formalities were arrested.

Intelligence-led narcotics enforcement by the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence in Phagwara involved interception of a public transport bus, recovery of 5.6 kg of heroin from a suspect's backpack, and arrest of four persons alleged to have transported and possessed the substance. A personal search under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, revealed ten taped packets that field-tested positive for heroin; the contraband was seized under that Act.

Narcotics-smuggling enforcement resulted in the seizure under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, of 23.220 kg of hydroponic marijuana concealed in a Bangkok-origin import consignment declared as lamps. X-ray imaging and dismantling of a wooden pallet recovered 23 vacuum-sealed packets containing compressed green leafy substance. Intelligence from an earlier ganja seizure led to scrutiny of the consignment, a further arrest, and continuing investigation into a wider trafficking syndicate.

Income-tax Act, 2025 retains the exhaustive agricultural-income categories of rent or revenue from agricultural land, cultivation income, specified market-preparation processes, qualifying produce sales, connected building income, and nursery saplings or seedlings. It excludes non-agricultural use of qualifying land or buildings and transfers of specified urban agricultural land. The principal interpretive concern is replacing "land" with "a land", which may support parcel-wise assessment, while the singular may also be read as including multiple plots.