The explanation excluding activities or transactions undertaken by Government and local authorities from "business" for the concessional-rate entry at Sl. No. 3(vi) operates from 21 September 2017, the entry's inception. Under section 11(3) of the TNGST Act, an explanation inserted within one year to clarify a notification's scope or applicability takes effect as if it had always formed part of the original notification. The stated commencement date of 27 July 2018 does not alter that operation.

Approval of an NCLT-approved resolution plan freezes claims omitted from it, with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code prevailing over inconsistent laws. Where the plan records a provision for historic income-tax liabilities and settlement of statutory liabilities, enforceability of a disputed tax demand depends on whether that demand falls within the recorded provision. The Assessing Officer must verify that factual inclusion: an included demand is payable under the plan, while an omitted demand is frozen and cannot be enforced against the assessee.

Provisions of the Nagaland Goods and Services (Ninth Amendment) Act, 2024 commence in stages under the State Government's statutory appointment power. Section 4 takes effect on 1 October 2024, and sections 2 and 3 take effect on 15 April 2025. The appointment of the commencement dates is deemed effective from 6 August 2024.

Correction of the tariff classification in line 12 under Nagaland State GST replaces "2202 99 90" with "2202 91 00" in the Finance Department entry dated 30 April 2026. The specified entry must accordingly be read using the revised classification code for GST purposes.

Expert Panel Valuers for precious goods are selected through scrutiny of qualifications and experience, practical evaluation, and interview. They must provide standardised valuation reports, remain available when required, maintain independence and confidentiality, avoid conflicts of interest, and cooperate with inspections or proceedings. Eligibility generally requires specialised valuation competence, relevant experience, supporting references, a clean professional record, and compliance with technical standards. Appointments are non-transferable, voluntary, performance-reviewed, and restricted to qualified personnel. Negligent, misleading, conflicted, or improper valuation activity may lead to suspension, cancellation, removal, legal proceedings, or professional-body intimation.

Section 14A read with Rule 8D permits computation of expenditure relating to exempt income only after dissatisfaction with the taxpayer's accounts and claim is recorded. Where no such satisfaction is recorded, Rule 8D cannot be invoked to make a disallowance beyond expenditure voluntarily disallowed. On facts identical to the preceding assessment year, the additional disallowance was deleted.

Puducherry SGST rate schedules classify biris under the 9% SGST schedule and place pan masala, specified tobacco goods, tobacco substitutes, and specified tobacco- or nicotine-containing inhalation products under the 20% SGST schedule. Unmanufactured tobacco and tobacco refuse other than tobacco leaves are also covered by the 20% schedule. The 14% SGST schedule is omitted, with the revised classifications taking effect on 1 February 2026.

Revenue's undisputed acceptance of the corresponding milling transaction reflected by a sister concern constituted a changed circumstance requiring reconsideration of the explanation for the stock variation. The High Court treated that acceptance as material to the stock-variation addition, set aside the impugned order, and remanded the matter for a fresh decision after reconsidering the explanation.

Odisha extended the time for seeking revocation of cancellation of GST registration where cancellation occurred under section 29(2)(b) or (c) and the application period under section 30(1) fell within the specified period. Eligible applicants could apply up to 30 September 2021. The extension operates under section 168A and is deemed effective from 29 August 2021.

Compliance deadlines in the ninth and tenth provisos to the existing Odisha goods and services tax notification are extended by substituting 30 November 2021 for 31 August 2021 wherever those dates occur. The substitution is made under section 128 of the Odisha Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, and is deemed effective from 29 August 2021.

Composite supplies of milling wheat into flour with fortification, or paddy into rice, for State Government distribution under the Public Distribution System qualify for exemption where the goods component does not exceed 25% of the total supply value. The value condition, including fortification inputs and packing material, must be determined on the facts of each supply. Where the threshold is exceeded, milling supplied as job work to a registered person attracts GST at 5%, including where registration exists solely for tax deduction purposes.

Export factoring support eliminates declarations of intent and Unique Identification Numbers, using the Importer Exporter Code for applications, claims and disbursals. Factors must upload transaction-level data for eligible factoring modalities within applicable deadlines, while exporters review tagged records and submit consolidated monthly, digitally authenticated claims. Eligibility depends on Export General Manifest filing for exports from 20 February 2026. MSME exporters may concurrently access interest subvention, but cannot claim the same invoice, receivable or interest cost under both interventions.

Section 96 of the Odisha Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 is invoked to substitute serial numbers 1 and 2 and their related entries in the specified Finance Department instrument. The substituted entries name Shri Hrushikesh Mishra, Special Commissioner of State Tax, Odisha, and Shri Gopal Krishna Pati, Additional Commissioner of Central Tax, Bhubaneswar.

Royalty paid under a technology licence is revenue expenditure where the licence grants only a non-exclusive, time-bound right to use technical know-how, documentation and trademarks, while ownership remains with the licensor and no proprietary asset is transferred. It is therefore deductible in computing taxable income. Homologation and certification costs incurred for testing technical changes, upgraded models, new vehicles and production conformity are also revenue expenditure when incurred for smooth manufacturing operations. A lasting business utility alone does not make such costs capital; both outlays remain deductible where they do not enter the capital field.

Schedule entry 86 under the Odisha Goods and Services Tax framework is substituted to cover tariff heading 1209, comprising seeds, fruit and spores of a kind used for sowing. The coverage is expressly confined to articles intended for sowing and excludes seeds meant for any other use. The substituted entry is deemed effective from 1 October 2021.

Air cargo transshipment permission covers import and export cargo movements between the Air Cargo Complex, Mumbai, and 26 identified domestic Customs stations. Air India Express Limited must maintain separate bonds and bank guarantees for import and export transshipment. AI Airport Services Limited acts as custodian and Customs Cargo Service Provider for handling transshipment cargo at the Mumbai terminal. Operations are governed by the Customs Act, transshipment and customs-area cargo handling regulations, applicable customs directions, and remain effective until the earliest expiry of the required security instruments.

Transfer-pricing valuation of unlisted overseas subsidiary shares must use the most appropriate method; a comparable-company-multiple and DCF blend requires suitable comparables and justified weighting, while regulatory compliance alone does not establish arm's-length price. Deficiencies in the comparable-company component supported full DCF valuation. Rule 8D interest disallowance should use net interest and exclude amounts already disallowed under section 43B to prevent double disallowance; the Rule 8D amount is not included in book profit under section 115JB. Actuarially valued pension obligations for services rendered may constitute ascertained liabilities under the mercantile system. Consistent prior treatment may support consultancy-fee deductibility.

GST reverse-charge liability applies to supplies of specified non-citrus essential oils by an unregistered person to a registered person. The covered oils include peppermint, spearmint, water mint, horsemint and bergamot oil. The registered recipient is liable for GST on these supplies, and the entry is deemed effective from 1 October 2021.

Table serial number 1 is amended to substitute the column (3) entry covering unit-container food preparations for free distribution to economically weaker sections under Central or State Government-approved programmes and Fortified Rice Kernel (Premix) for ICDS or similarly approved schemes. Column (4) replaces "food preparations" with "goods". The amendments are deemed effective from 1 October 2021.

Composite works contracts supplied to a Government Entity qualify for the concessional GST rate only where the original work is predominantly intended for non-commercial use. The exclusion of public-authority activities from the term business applies only to the Central Government, State Government and local authorities, not to Governmental Authorities or Government Entities. Tourism ropeway construction is treated as commercial in nature and is not covered by concessional entries for roads, bridges, terminals or railways. Such turnkey ropeway works-contract services attract GST at 18% under entry 3(xii).