SEBI settled adjudication proceedings involving five Adani group companies concerning alleged non-disclosure of certain related-party transactions under listing regulations and the erstwhile listing agreement. The settlement also covered audit or limited-review reports signed by audit firms without valid peer-review certificates, with the entities collectively paying Rs 1.50 crore under the settlement terms.

An issuer may appoint an eligible credit rating agency to monitor use of issue proceeds. If appointed, the monitoring agency's report must be publicly disseminated within forty-five days after each quarter ends, by uploading it to the issuer's website and submitting it to each recognised stock exchange where the issuer's specified securities are listed.

Underwriting of an initial public offer of specified securities is permitted. Where an underwriter is engaged, the offer document must contain adequate disclosure of the underwriting arrangements, ensuring transparency regarding the issue structure.

An issuer may offer a portion of an initial public offer for subscription by an anchor investor, subject to relevant offer-document disclosures. Required disclosures include the anchor investor's details, the proposed maximum allotment limit, any applicable lockup, and pricing.

Minimum subscription disclosed in the offer document must be received for an initial public offer to be successful. The requirement is confined to fresh issues of specified securities and does not extend to the offer-for-sale component of a public offer.

Minimum public offer and public shareholding requirements distinguish Indian-incorporated and foreign-incorporated issuers. Issuers incorporated in India, including in an IFSC, must comply with the applicable minimum public offer, public allotment and minimum public shareholding norms. Issuers incorporated outside India must offer and allot at least ten per cent of post-issue capital to the public and continuously maintain public shareholding at that level.

An issuer conducting an initial public offer must keep the offer open for at least one working day and not more than ten working days. If the issuer makes a simultaneous offer in another jurisdiction, the offer period may be the same as the period applicable in that jurisdiction.

Initial public offer pricing must be determined by the issuer in consultation with the lead manager or lead managers, using either a fixed-price method or a book-building process. The selected pricing method must be suitably disclosed in the offer document. Public Indian companies listing equity shares must additionally comply with Schedule XI of the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019.

An issuer may reserve part of an initial public offer issue size for employees, directors, and shareholders, other than controlling shareholders, of its listed group entities. Such reservations must be suitably disclosed in the offer document.

Initial public offer documentation must contain material disclosures that are true, correct and adequate for informed investment decisions. The issuer must disclose its materiality policy where applicable and all material information arising after filing and before listing. Lead manager(s) must undertake due diligence regarding disclosure materiality, veracity and adequacy. The issuer remains responsible for the correctness, adequacy and disclosure of relevant information. Audited financial information, subject to specified shorter-existence and limited-review conditions, must be current and prepared under recognised accounting standards, with IFRS reconciliation where required.

Initial public offer timing requires an issuer to make the offer within twelve months after observations are issued. For a proposed issue of USD fifty million or below, the period runs from receipt of the offer document. If the offer is not made within the applicable period, a fresh draft offer document must be filed with the Authority and recognised stock exchange(s).

For initial public offers, issuers must file a draft offer document and applicable fee through lead manager(s), who must also submit a due diligence certificate. For issues exceeding USD fifty million, the draft must be publicly hosted for seven working days for comments. Material comments and consequential proposed changes must be filed with the Authority. The issuer must implement any advised changes and file the updated offer document with the Authority and recognised stock exchange(s) before proceeding with the issue.

In-principle approval for listing of specified securities requires the issuer to apply to a recognised stock exchange. Where applications are made to more than one recognised stock exchange, the issuer must select one as the designated stock exchange. The recognised stock exchange must grant in-principle approval or reject a complete application within fifteen days of receipt.

Lead manager appointment is mandatory for an initial public offer. The issuer must appoint one or more lead managers to the issue and appoint other intermediaries in consultation with the lead manager or managers. Consultation with the lead manager is integral to selecting other intermediaries and supports the lead manager's coordinating role in the offering process.

Offer for sale in an initial public offer requires specified securities to have been held by existing holders for at least one year before filing the draft offer document. For equity shares offered after conversion, the holding period combines the period for convertible securities or depository receipts and the resulting equity shares; conversion must be completed before filing, with full disclosure of its terms.

Regulation 10 permits an issuer that has issued SR equity shares to undertake an initial public offer of its ordinary shares for listing on a recognised stock exchange. Eligibility depends on shareholder authorisation of the SR equity share issue through a resolution at a general meeting and on those shares having been held for at least three months before the draft offer document is filed.

Initial public offer eligibility for specified securities requires an issuer to meet at least one financial or market-based alternative: operating revenue, pre-tax profit, post-issue market capitalisation, or other prescribed criteria. Revenue and profit are determined from consolidated audited accounts. The thresholds are separate eligibility routes rather than cumulative requirements, and the financial year follows the issuer's home-jurisdiction laws.

Listed securities and other permitted financial products must be denominated in a specified foreign currency for trading on a recognised stock exchange. Specified foreign currency includes currencies listed in the applicable banking regulations or otherwise notified by the Authority. References to USD mean the equivalent amount in the currency in which the securities are issued.

Regulation 7 requires securities and other permitted financial products listed, or proposed for listing, on a recognised stock exchange to be freely transferable and held in dematerialised form. Free transferability and dematerialised holding apply across the recognised stock exchange listing framework. Debt securities and such other financial products may also be held with an international central securities depository.

Listing eligibility requires lawful incorporation or establishment in an IFSC, India, or a foreign jurisdiction, compliance with constitutional documents, and legal authority under home-jurisdiction law to issue the proposed instruments. Public Indian companies listing equity shares must meet additional prescribed eligibility requirements. Debt securities may be listed by specified supranational, multilateral, statutory, municipal, and sovereign-debt entities. Listing is unavailable where relevant persons are barred from capital-market access, wilful defaulters, or fugitive economic offenders.