The Central Government may designate a Government organisation as the national nodal agency for Critical Information Infrastructure Protection by Official Gazette notification. The designated agency is responsible for protective measures, including related research and development, and must perform its functions and duties in the prescribed manner.

Section 69B permits government authorisation for monitoring and collecting traffic data from computer resources to enhance cyber security and prevent intrusions or computer contaminants. Intermediaries, persons in charge, and computer-resource operators must provide technical assistance and facilities for online access when required by an authorised agency. Prescribed procedures and safeguards apply, and intentional or knowing non-compliance by an intermediary is punishable by imprisonment, fine, or both.

Section 69A permits written directions requiring a government agency or intermediary to block public access to information through a computer resource on specified sovereignty, security, foreign-relations, public-order, or cognizable-offence incitement grounds. Blocking is subject to prescribed procedures and safeguards. Intermediary non-compliance with a blocking direction may result in imprisonment and fine.

Intermediaries must preserve and retain specified information for the prescribed duration and in the prescribed manner and format. Intentional or knowing contravention of these information preservation and retention obligations may attract a penalty extending to twenty-five lakh rupees.

Customs clearance under section 143AA temporarily permits acceptance of an undertaking instead of the bond otherwise required for clearance during COVID-19 lockdown disruption. The facility remains available until 15 June 2020, subject to the pre-existing conditions. The deadline for furnishing the proper bond corresponding to an accepted undertaking is extended until 30 June 2020, and the continuation is subject to review after the lockdown period.

Section 67B criminalises electronic publication, transmission, creation, collection, access, promotion, exchange, distribution and recording of material depicting children in obscene, indecent or sexually explicit forms, as well as online grooming or facilitation of abuse. A child is a person below 18 years. First and repeat convictions carry escalating imprisonment and fines. Limited exclusions apply to electronic works proved to serve public good through science, literature, art, learning or other general concern, and to bona fide heritage or religious uses.

Section 67A criminalises publishing, transmitting, or causing electronic publication or transmission of material containing a sexually explicit act or conduct. A first conviction may result in imprisonment of either description for up to five years and a fine up to ten lakh rupees. A second or subsequent conviction may result in imprisonment for up to seven years and a fine up to ten lakh rupees.

Section 66F defines cyber terrorism as specified computer-related conduct intended to threaten India's unity, integrity, security or sovereignty, or to strike terror, where it causes or is likely to cause serious harm, disruption of essential services, or adverse effects on critical information infrastructure. It also covers unauthorised access to restricted security-related information where it may be used to injure protected national interests or benefit a foreign nation or group. Commission or conspiracy is punishable with imprisonment that may extend to life imprisonment.

Unconditional withdrawal of a writ petition constitutes abandonment of the claim and bars a subsequent writ petition on the same cause of action as a matter of public policy. Although the Code of Civil Procedure does not directly apply to proceedings under Article 226, its equitable principles may guide the High Court's jurisdiction. Withdrawal or dismissal of proceedings under Article 32 does not itself determine whether a fresh writ petition before the High Court is maintainable. The bar on a second Article 226 petition follows from abandonment and prevention of repetitive litigation, rather than direct application of Order XXIII Rule 1.

Section 66E criminalises intentional or knowing capture, publication, or transmission of an image of another person's private area without consent where privacy is violated. Capture includes recording by any means, transmission involves electronically sending a visual image for viewing, and publication covers printed or electronic reproduction made public. The offence is punishable with imprisonment up to three years, a fine up to two lakh rupees, or both.

Section 66D criminalises cheating by personation committed through a communication device or computer resource. Punishment extends to imprisonment of either description for up to three years and a fine up to one lakh rupees. The provision was inserted by the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 and came into force on 27 October 2009.

Identity theft is criminalised where a person fraudulently or dishonestly uses another person's electronic signature, password, or other unique identification feature. The offence carries imprisonment of either description for a term extending to three years and liability to a fine extending to one lakh rupees.

Dishonest receipt or retention of a stolen computer resource or communication device constitutes an offence where the person knows, or has reason to believe, that it is stolen. Liability covers both receiving and retaining the property dishonestly and may result in imprisonment, fine, or both.

Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, was omitted with effect from 30 November 2023. Before omission, it criminalised sending grossly offensive or menacing information, persistent transmission of knowingly false information for specified harmful purposes, and electronic mail intended to annoy, inconvenience, deceive or mislead recipients about its origin. The provision prescribed imprisonment extending to three years and fine, and covered electronic messages transmitted through computer resources or communication devices.

AEO certificate validity is extended until 30 September 2020 for certificates that expired or were due to expire from 1 March 2020 through 30 September 2020, addressing renewal difficulties caused by COVID-19 lockdowns. The extension excludes entities against which a negative report is received during the relevant period. Ordinary validity remains three years for AEO-T1 and AEO-T2 certificates and five years for AEO-T3 and AEO-LO certificates.

Decision by majority applies where two Members of a Bench of the Appellate Tribunal differ on any point. They must state the points of disagreement and refer them to the Chairperson, who hears those points. The referred issues are determined according to the majority opinion of all Members who have heard the case, including the Members who originally heard it.

Section 52C of the Information Technology Act, 2000, was omitted with effect from 26 May 2017, removing the Chairperson's statutory authority to transfer pending cases between Cyber Appellate Tribunal Benches. Before omission, transfer could be made upon a party's application after notice and an appropriate hearing, or suo motu without notice.

Section 52B governing distribution of business among Benches of the Cyber Appellate Tribunal was omitted with effect from 26 May 2017. Before omission, the Chairperson could distribute the Tribunal's business among constituted Benches and specify the matters to be dealt with by each Bench.

Section 52A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 stands omitted. Before omission, it conferred on the Chairperson of the Cyber Appellate Tribunal general superintendence and direction over the Tribunal's affairs, including presiding over its meetings and exercising prescribed powers and functions. The provision had been inserted by the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008.

Compulsory registration of Muslim marriages will operate under the Assam Muslim Marriage Registration (Compulsory) Rules, 2026, framed under the Assam Compulsory Registration of Muslim Marriage and Divorces Act, 2024. Registration will be undertaken by registrars, with panchayat-level officials potentially authorised where application volumes require additional capacity. The framework addresses the registration forum after kazis were barred from registering Muslim marriages.