Section 79 grants intermediaries conditional safe-harbour protection for third-party information, data and communication links where their role is limited, they do not control transmission or content, and they observe due diligence and prescribed guidelines. Protection is unavailable where an intermediary participates in an unlawful act or, after actual knowledge or government notification, fails to expeditiously remove or disable access to unlawful material while preserving evidence.

Section 77B of the Information Technology Act, 2000 overrides inconsistent criminal-procedure provisions by classifying offences according to their prescribed imprisonment term. Offences punishable with imprisonment of three years or more are cognizable, while offences punishable with imprisonment of three years are bailable. The provision consequently attaches both cognizability and bailability to the three-year threshold.

Compounding of offences under the Information Technology Act, 2000 is available only for offences not punishable with life imprisonment or imprisonment exceeding three years. It is barred where a prior conviction attracts enhanced or different punishment, and for offences affecting socio-economic conditions or committed against a child below eighteen years or a woman. An accused may apply in the court where the trial is pending under the applicable criminal procedure.

Each company seeking to function as a Nidhi must file Form NDH-4 for declaration or updated Nidhi status and comply with the Companies Act, 2013 and applicable Nidhi Rules. Nidhi companies may accept deposits and grant loans only to members. Public investors should verify declared Nidhi status rather than rely on unusually high-return promises, agent representations, or informal assurances. Deposits with Nidhi companies are not insured by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation, and recovery may be difficult where a company fails or fraud occurs.

Section 72A criminalises unauthorised disclosure of personal information obtained while providing services under a lawful contract. Liability arises where disclosure occurs without the concerned person's consent or in breach of the contract, with intent to cause, or knowledge of likely causing, wrongful loss or wrongful gain. The offence is punishable with imprisonment, fine, or both.

Banks retain full discretion to deploy liquidity mobilised through FCNR(B) deposits, based on their credit pipeline, lending proposals, liquidity outlook and asset-liability position. No sector-specific direction applies to use of these funds. FCNR(B) deposits are fixed-term foreign-currency deposits in which principal and interest are repayable in the same foreign currency, protecting non-resident depositors from direct rupee exchange-rate risk. Continued prudent credit appraisal and underwriting standards are expected.

Mandatory additional qualifiers/identifiers must be declared through the Customs Automated System for specified export tariff items covering woven and knitted fabrics used in Fire/Flame Retardant textile products. Effective from 1 November 2026, the requirement applies to identified tariff items in Chapters 52, 55 and 60. It enables electronic distinction between FR and non-FR fabrics for implementation of the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Textiles.

Indian Computer Emergency Response Team serves as the national agency for cyber-security incident response. Its functions include collecting, analysing and disseminating cyber-incident information; issuing forecasts and alerts; undertaking emergency measures; coordinating incident-response activities; and issuing guidelines, advisories, vulnerability notes and white papers on information-security practices, prevention, response and incident reporting.

The Central Government may designate a Government organisation as the national nodal agency for Critical Information Infrastructure Protection by Official Gazette notification. The designated agency is responsible for protective measures, including related research and development, and must perform its functions and duties in the prescribed manner.

Section 69B authorises the Central Government to empower a government agency to monitor and collect traffic data or information through computer resources for cyber security and prevention of intrusions or computer contaminants. Intermediaries and persons in charge must provide technical assistance and facilities for online access when required by an authorised agency. Intentional or knowing non-compliance attracts imprisonment, a fine, or both, subject to prescribed procedures and safeguards.

Section 69A permits written directions requiring a government agency or intermediary to block public access to information through a computer resource on specified sovereignty, security, foreign-relations, public-order, or cognizable-offence incitement grounds. Blocking is subject to prescribed procedures and safeguards. Intermediary non-compliance with a blocking direction may result in imprisonment and fine.

Intermediaries must preserve and retain specified information for the prescribed duration and in the prescribed manner and format. Intentional or knowing contravention of these information preservation and retention obligations may attract a penalty extending to twenty-five lakh rupees.

Customs clearance may temporarily proceed on an undertaking instead of the bond otherwise required under section 143AA during lockdown-related disruption. This facility remains available until 15 June 2020, while the deadline for submission of the proper bond is extended until 30 June 2020. Existing conditions governing the undertaking remain unchanged, and the relaxation is subject to review after the lockdown period.

Section 67B criminalises electronic publication, transmission, creation, collection, browsing, downloading, promotion, exchange, or distribution of material depicting children in an obscene, indecent, or sexually explicit manner. It also covers online grooming for sexually explicit conduct, facilitation of online child abuse, and electronic recording of sexually explicit abuse of children. Imprisonment and fine apply, with enhanced imprisonment for repeat convictions, subject to public-good and bona fide heritage or religious-purpose exceptions.

Section 67A criminalises publishing, transmitting, or causing publication or transmission in electronic form of material containing sexually explicit acts or conduct. A first conviction may attract imprisonment of up to five years and a fine of up to ten lakh rupees; second or subsequent convictions may attract imprisonment of up to seven years and a fine of up to ten lakh rupees.

Cyber terrorism includes unauthorised computer conduct intended to threaten national unity, integrity, security or sovereignty, or to strike terror. It covers denial of authorised access, unauthorised access, and introducing computer contaminants causing or likely to cause death, injury, property damage, disruption of essential services, or harm to critical information infrastructure. It also includes accessing restricted State-security or foreign-relations information where it may injure protected national interests or advantage a foreign nation or group. Commission or conspiracy may attract life imprisonment.

Unconditional withdrawal of a writ petition constitutes abandonment of the claim and bars a subsequent writ petition on the same cause of action as a matter of public policy. Although the Code of Civil Procedure does not directly apply to proceedings under Article 226, its equitable principles may guide the High Court's jurisdiction. Withdrawal or dismissal of proceedings under Article 32 does not itself determine whether a fresh writ petition before the High Court is maintainable. The bar on a second Article 226 petition follows from abandonment and prevention of repetitive litigation, rather than direct application of Order XXIII Rule 1.

Section 66E criminalises intentional or knowing capture, publication or transmission of an image of a person's private area without consent in circumstances violating privacy. The offence may result in imprisonment, fine, or both. Privacy-violating circumstances include a reasonable expectation of disrobing without image capture or of a private area not being publicly visible, whether the person is in a public or private place.

Cheating by personation through a communication device or computer resource is criminalised under Section 66D. The offence concerns using technological means to deceive another by assuming or presenting a false identity, and is punishable with imprisonment of either description for up to three years and a fine up to one lakh rupees.

Identity theft arises where a person fraudulently or dishonestly uses another person's electronic signature, password, or other unique identification feature. Criminal liability covers any such unique identifier belonging to another person where the fraudulent or dishonest mental element is present. Punishment may include imprisonment of either description for up to three years and a fine up to one lakh rupees.