Functional comparability under TNMM requires transaction-specific FAR analysis before benchmarking business-support services provided to associated en...
Advance pricing agreement methodology can guide benchmarking for non-covered years when functions, assets, risks and activities remain materially unch...
Tax-audit exemption for substantially State-funded educational universities prevents audit-failure penalties where income qualifies for statutory exem...
Functional, asset and risk analysis excludes diversified technology companies from captive software development comparables under cost-plus arrangemen...
Mobile-phone electronic evidence failed to establish customs undervaluation, while duty survived on non-authentic origin certificates without importer...
Automotive radio classification treats integrated infotainment features as supplementary, placing complete and qualifying unassembled units under the ...
Separate corporate personality prevents directors from being personally liable for company deposits without a guarantee or independent legal undertaki...
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Separate statutory appeals by a company and its director require an independent opportunity of hearing on their respective liabilities, even where they arise from a composite adjudication order. Confirmation of a director's personal penalty while deciding only the company's appeal, without making the director a party or hearing him and while his own appeal remains pending, violates natural justice. Such confirmation effectively disposes of the director's independent appeal and deprives him of the consequential appellate remedy. The penalty confirmation against the director was quashed, leaving his pending appeal to be decided independently and without influence from the prior appellate observations.
Separate statutory appeals by a company and its director require an independent opportunity of hearing on their respective liabilities, even where they arise from a composite adjudication order. Confirmation of a director's personal penalty while deciding only the company's appeal, without making the director a party or hearing him and while his own appeal remains pending, violates natural justice. Such confirmation effectively disposes of the director's independent appeal and deprives him of the consequential appellate remedy. The penalty confirmation against the director was quashed, leaving his pending appeal to be decided independently and without influence from the prior appellate observations.
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