Embezzlement losses in charitable institutions remain allowable when misappropriation is established, irrecoverable, and not a specified-person benefi...
National long-distance undertaking status supports deduction where separately licensed infrastructure, resources, revenue, and expenditure establish c...
Agency reimbursement income follows contractual deposit-liability computation, while pending deposit collections do not constitute deemed-dividend loa...
Membership-consent thresholds for oppression petitions are satisfied by unchallenged voter-list consents, while unsupported forgery claims require pro...
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Fiscal transparency of a UK partnership requires Indian-source income to be tested partner by partner for treaty entitlement. Article 4(1)(b) of the India-UK DTAA limits protection to the share taxed as income of a UK resident, whether in the partnership's or partners' hands; it does not bar non-UK resident partners from invoking India's treaty with their own residence State. Domestic recognition of the partnership does not establish a single treaty residence. Treaty claims require residence certificates and prescribed information. Legal-professional services are not automatically fees for technical services merely because India-UK treaty relief is unavailable; their characterisation must satisfy domestic law and the applicable treaty's income article, including relevant fixed-base, permanent-establishment, or presence conditions.
Fiscal transparency of a UK partnership requires Indian-source income to be tested partner by partner for treaty entitlement. Article 4(1)(b) of the India-UK DTAA limits protection to the share taxed as income of a UK resident, whether in the partnership's or partners' hands; it does not bar non-UK resident partners from invoking India's treaty with their own residence State. Domestic recognition of the partnership does not establish a single treaty residence. Treaty claims require residence certificates and prescribed information. Legal-professional services are not automatically fees for technical services merely because India-UK treaty relief is unavailable; their characterisation must satisfy domestic law and the applicable treaty's income article, including relevant fixed-base, permanent-establishment, or presence conditions.
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