Administrative decriminalisation replaces selected criminal offences with penalties, adjudication, appeals, recovery mechanisms, while preserving criminal sanctions for serious defaults.

Jan Vishwas amendments replace numerous imprisonment and fine provisions with administrative penalties, adjudication, appeals, and recovery mechanisms. Designated officers may conduct inquiries, require evidence, and impose penalties after a reasonable opportunity of hearing. Many regimes permit delayed appeals for sufficient cause, impose additional penalties for continuing defaults, and allow recovery as arrears of land revenue or through civil-court enforcement. Criminal sanctions remain for specified serious conduct and, in some regimes, for failure to pay imposed penalties. Environmental reforms establish the Environmental Protection Fund and introduce coordinated penalty, adjudication, and appellate mechanisms for air-pollution and hazardous-substance controls.

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