Pre-amendment reassessment limitation bars late notices under the preserved regime, invalidating consequential reassessment for affected earlier asses...
Cash-sales explanations for bank deposits require documentary reconciliation; reassessment notice survived where effective response time was available...
Functional comparability in transfer pricing prevents ad hoc arm's length adjustments where functions, assets, risks and reliable comparables are unes...
Contingency expenses, exempt-income disallowance, and royalty benchmarking: unsupported adjustments were deleted under consistent accounting and trans...
Sections 118 and 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act created a statutory presumption in favour of the complainant where the accused's cheques were signed, dishonoured for insufficiency of funds, and the notice referred to an acknowledged liability. The accused failed to rebut that presumption by proving that Yahoo Limited had taken over the entire liability or that the complainant had accepted performance from that third party; the cheque-on-security plea also did not defeat liability once the debt matured. Pendency of civil proceedings did not bar prosecution, and the High Court declined to disturb concurrent factual findings in revision absent perversity. Conviction under Section 138 was therefore sustained, but the appellate court could not suo motu enhance the default sentence in the accused's appeal, so that enhancement was set aside and the trial sentence restored.
Sections 118 and 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act created a statutory presumption in favour of the complainant where the accused's cheques were signed, dishonoured for insufficiency of funds, and the notice referred to an acknowledged liability. The accused failed to rebut that presumption by proving that Yahoo Limited had taken over the entire liability or that the complainant had accepted performance from that third party; the cheque-on-security plea also did not defeat liability once the debt matured. Pendency of civil proceedings did not bar prosecution, and the High Court declined to disturb concurrent factual findings in revision absent perversity. Conviction under Section 138 was therefore sustained, but the appellate court could not suo motu enhance the default sentence in the accused's appeal, so that enhancement was set aside and the trial sentence restored.
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