Alternative statutory remedy and unexplained delay barred writ review of customs confiscation adjudication, leaving merits for appellate consideration...
Authorised courier due diligence protects against penalties where declared exports conceal prohibited goods despite proper documentation and customs p...
Customs-controlled container movement now extends to DP World facilities, subject to segregation, inspections, reconciliation, and EXIM cargo priority...
Protection for official acts under Section 197 CrPC is not automatic; the decisive test is quality of the act and its nexus with duty, and absence of sanction is not determinative at the discharge stage. Under the PMLA the definition of "proceeds of crime" is deliberately wide, covering transformed property and equivalent value, and its existence is a jurisdictional fact whose resolution is evidentiary. The applicable threshold at Section 227 CrPC is a prima facie "grave suspicion" test: where the charge sheet discloses material alleging disproportionate assets and projection as proceeds of crime, discharge should be declined and the matter proceed to trial.
Protection for official acts under Section 197 CrPC is not automatic; the decisive test is quality of the act and its nexus with duty, and absence of sanction is not determinative at the discharge stage. Under the PMLA the definition of "proceeds of crime" is deliberately wide, covering transformed property and equivalent value, and its existence is a jurisdictional fact whose resolution is evidentiary. The applicable threshold at Section 227 CrPC is a prima facie "grave suspicion" test: where the charge sheet discloses material alleging disproportionate assets and projection as proceeds of crime, discharge should be declined and the matter proceed to trial.
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