Embezzlement losses in charitable institutions remain allowable when misappropriation is established, irrecoverable, and not a specified-person benefi...
National long-distance undertaking status supports deduction where separately licensed infrastructure, resources, revenue, and expenditure establish c...
Agency reimbursement income follows contractual deposit-liability computation, while pending deposit collections do not constitute deemed-dividend loa...
Membership-consent thresholds for oppression petitions are satisfied by unchallenged voter-list consents, while unsupported forgery claims require pro...
Dishonour of cheque due to insufficient funds - no vicarious liability u/s 141 NI Act. Petitioner not shown as partner in firm through certificate from Deputy Registrar of Firms. Cheque issued by firm, signed by Sh. Hoshiyar Singh, not petitioner. No evidence petitioner was partner or signatory. Forcing petitioner to stand trial solely on unsubstantiated averment would be abuse of process. Petition allowed considering factual matrix and unimpeachable material presented by petitioner.
Dishonour of cheque due to insufficient funds - no vicarious liability u/s 141 NI Act. Petitioner not shown as partner in firm through certificate from Deputy Registrar of Firms. Cheque issued by firm, signed by Sh. Hoshiyar Singh, not petitioner. No evidence petitioner was partner or signatory. Forcing petitioner to stand trial solely on unsubstantiated averment would be abuse of process. Petition allowed considering factual matrix and unimpeachable material presented by petitioner.
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