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    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Interest on partners' running accounts and lender accruals remains deductible where tax is deducted and recipients report income.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Business closure expenditure fails the section 37(1) test, while unsupported estimated foreign exchange loss disallowance cannot stand.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Pharmaceutical promotion and transfer-pricing comparability principles limited disallowances, while uncorroborated search allegations and unsupported ...
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Interest accrual, related investment disallowance, loan genuineness and unquoted-share valuation govern the respective tax adjustments and remand.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Independent corroboration and proven nexus govern additions based on retracted statements, loose sheets, and third-party records.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Business expenditure substantiation supports scrap credits, statutory payments and expense claims, while depreciation requires proof of actual busines...
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Bad-debt deduction for share-broking client dues is available on account write-off without proving actual irrecoverability.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Show cause notice limits and unreliable statements resulted in penalties for alleged courier-based gold smuggling being set aside.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Customs confiscation requires specific notice, hearing and proof of import contravention before penalties or redemption fine may arise.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIBC
    Prior approval for liquidator-initiated arbitration is mandatory, but post facto approval makes invocation effective from the approval date.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsIBC
    Reasoned fraud-classification orders must address defences; proceedings against an uninvolved former director could not be restarted.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsMoney Laundering
    Prolonged incarceration and delayed trial supported regular bail in money-laundering proceedings involving old alleged transactions.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsMoney Laundering
    Inherently perverse bail orders may be cancelled without post-release misconduct where mandatory money-laundering bail conditions were ignored.
    July 28, 2026   Case LawsService Tax
    Recovery from legal heirs fails where indirect-tax law provides no machinery to proceed against a deceased proprietor's estate.
    July 27, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Pre-trial detention in GST prosecutions requires demonstrated necessity; completed investigation and documentary evidence supported conditional bail.
    July 27, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Condonation of delay restored the statutory GST appellate remedy after limitation-based dismissal was quashed and remanded for merits review.
    July 27, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Service of GST cancellation notices requires portal upload plus a prescribed personal mode to ensure fair hearing.
    July 27, 2026   Case LawsGST
    GST record-maintenance penalties remain independently valid despite late fees for delayed return filing, sustaining penalties for missing prescribed r...
    July 27, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Reassessment notices issued to deceased assessees are void, and legal representative participation cannot cure the jurisdictional defect.
    July 27, 2026   Case LawsIncome Tax
    Change of opinion barred reassessment beyond four years where exempt-income expenditure had already undergone scrutiny.
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    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Interest on partners' running accounts and lender accruals remains deductible where tax is deducted and recipients report income.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Business closure expenditure fails the section 37(1) test, while unsupported estimated foreign exchange loss disallowance cannot stand.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Pharmaceutical promotion and transfer-pricing comparability principles limited disallowances, while uncorroborated search allegations and unsupported adjustments failed.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Interest accrual, related investment disallowance, loan genuineness and unquoted-share valuation govern the respective tax adjustments and remand.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Independent corroboration and proven nexus govern additions based on retracted statements, loose sheets, and third-party records.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Business expenditure substantiation supports scrap credits, statutory payments and expense claims, while depreciation requires proof of actual business use.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Bad-debt deduction for share-broking client dues is available on account write-off without proving actual irrecoverability.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Show cause notice limits and unreliable statements resulted in penalties for alleged courier-based gold smuggling being set aside.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Customs confiscation requires specific notice, hearing and proof of import contravention before penalties or redemption fine may arise.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws IBC
    Prior approval for liquidator-initiated arbitration is mandatory, but post facto approval makes invocation effective from the approval date.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws IBC
    Reasoned fraud-classification orders must address defences; proceedings against an uninvolved former director could not be restarted.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Money Laundering
    Prolonged incarceration and delayed trial supported regular bail in money-laundering proceedings involving old alleged transactions.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Money Laundering
    Inherently perverse bail orders may be cancelled without post-release misconduct where mandatory money-laundering bail conditions were ignored.
    July 28, 2026   Case Laws Service Tax
    Recovery from legal heirs fails where indirect-tax law provides no machinery to proceed against a deceased proprietor's estate.
    July 27, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Pre-trial detention in GST prosecutions requires demonstrated necessity; completed investigation and documentary evidence supported conditional bail.
    July 27, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Condonation of delay restored the statutory GST appellate remedy after limitation-based dismissal was quashed and remanded for merits review.
    July 27, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Service of GST cancellation notices requires portal upload plus a prescribed personal mode to ensure fair hearing.
    July 27, 2026   Case Laws GST
    GST record-maintenance penalties remain independently valid despite late fees for delayed return filing, sustaining penalties for missing prescribed records.
    July 27, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Reassessment notices issued to deceased assessees are void, and legal representative participation cannot cure the jurisdictional defect.
    July 27, 2026   Case Laws Income Tax
    Change of opinion barred reassessment beyond four years where exempt-income expenditure had already undergone scrutiny.

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      Home› Highlights › VAT and Sales Tax › 2019 › August, 2019 › This
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      VAT and Sales Tax

      Whether the expression ‘shall’ partakes the character of ‘may’ de...

      Understanding "Shall" as "May" in Rule 20(2): Flexibility Over Mandate Based on Legislative Intent.

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      VAT and Sales TaxAugust 13, 2019Case LawsHC
      Whether the expression ‘shall’ partakes the character of ‘may’ depends upon the intent of legislation, which requires to be achieved not only from the phraseology of the provision, but considering its nature, design and the consequences. Applying this principle, the word ‘shall’ used in rule 20(2) requires to be read as ‘may’
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