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    August 3, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Authorised courier due diligence defeated abetment penalty where concealed gold was undetectable without X-ray examination.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Customs duty deposit remains refundable when no out-of-charge order or appropriation follows failed import clearance.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Cross-objections may challenge any appealed finding, while unproven undervaluation and post-import retail price revision fail.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsCustoms
    Preferential customs duty benefit survives curable Certificate of Origin defects when valid revised certificates establish undisputed product origin.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsCompanies Law
    Unadjudicated Supreme Court pleadings do not determine company law applicability, and mandamus requires prior demand and refusal.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsIBC
    Liquidator appointment under Section 34 requires consideration of creditor recommendations, valid professional authorisation, and preservation of vali...
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsFEMA
    Vicarious liability for export proceeds arose from assigned transaction responsibility, while FEMA civil penalty required no mens rea.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsMoney Laundering
    Medical bail request dismissed as the High Court application remained pending, with assurances of necessary treatment in custody.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsIndian Laws
    Public-law scrutiny of banking fraud caution lists bars blacklisting advocates for alleged negligence without fraud or disciplinary process.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsIndian Laws
    Mandatory pre-summoning inquiry may be met by affidavit and documents; cheque-liability presumptions require disputed defences to face trial.
    August 3, 2026   Case LawsIndian Laws
    Cheque execution presumptions sustain liability where repayment remains unproved, including for security cheques and account-closed dishonour.
    August 1, 2026   NotificationsIncome Tax
    Income-tax exemption for specified regulatory fees and government grants applies subject to non-commercial activity and continuing compliance conditio...
    August 1, 2026   CircularsSEBI
    Digital accessibility audit and remediation deadlines extended, while all other disability-compliance obligations for regulated entities remain unchan...
    August 1, 2026   Case LawsIndian Laws
    Cheque-dishonour liability remains personal: non-signatory spouse cannot be vicariously prosecuted for a sole proprietorship's dishonoured cheque.
    August 1, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Vested appellate rights protect pending penalty proceedings from later pre-deposit conditions unless legislation clearly requires retrospective applic...
    August 1, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Regular bail in alleged input tax credit fraud granted after investigation concluded and evidence remained in departmental custody.
    August 1, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Proportionality in GST registration cancellation requires an opportunity to file pending returns and pay statutory dues before restoration.
    August 1, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Personal hearing in GST adjudication remains mandatory; inadequate notice and an unreasoned adverse order require fresh determination.
    August 1, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Adequate hearing before ex parte tax assessment requires fresh assessment after consequential demand and bank-account attachment are set aside.
    August 1, 2026   Case LawsGST
    Garnishee recovery requires prior adjudication, consideration of taxpayer replies, and a personal hearing before coercive recovery proceeds.
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    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Authorised courier due diligence defeated abetment penalty where concealed gold was undetectable without X-ray examination.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Customs duty deposit remains refundable when no out-of-charge order or appropriation follows failed import clearance.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Cross-objections may challenge any appealed finding, while unproven undervaluation and post-import retail price revision fail.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Customs
    Preferential customs duty benefit survives curable Certificate of Origin defects when valid revised certificates establish undisputed product origin.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Companies Law
    Unadjudicated Supreme Court pleadings do not determine company law applicability, and mandamus requires prior demand and refusal.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws IBC
    Liquidator appointment under Section 34 requires consideration of creditor recommendations, valid professional authorisation, and preservation of valid prior liquidation steps.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws FEMA
    Vicarious liability for export proceeds arose from assigned transaction responsibility, while FEMA civil penalty required no mens rea.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Money Laundering
    Medical bail request dismissed as the High Court application remained pending, with assurances of necessary treatment in custody.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Indian Laws
    Public-law scrutiny of banking fraud caution lists bars blacklisting advocates for alleged negligence without fraud or disciplinary process.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Indian Laws
    Mandatory pre-summoning inquiry may be met by affidavit and documents; cheque-liability presumptions require disputed defences to face trial.
    August 3, 2026   Case Laws Indian Laws
    Cheque execution presumptions sustain liability where repayment remains unproved, including for security cheques and account-closed dishonour.
    August 1, 2026   Notifications Income Tax
    Income-tax exemption for specified regulatory fees and government grants applies subject to non-commercial activity and continuing compliance conditions.
    August 1, 2026   Circulars SEBI
    Digital accessibility audit and remediation deadlines extended, while all other disability-compliance obligations for regulated entities remain unchanged.
    August 1, 2026   Case Laws Indian Laws
    Cheque-dishonour liability remains personal: non-signatory spouse cannot be vicariously prosecuted for a sole proprietorship's dishonoured cheque.
    August 1, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Vested appellate rights protect pending penalty proceedings from later pre-deposit conditions unless legislation clearly requires retrospective application.
    August 1, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Regular bail in alleged input tax credit fraud granted after investigation concluded and evidence remained in departmental custody.
    August 1, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Proportionality in GST registration cancellation requires an opportunity to file pending returns and pay statutory dues before restoration.
    August 1, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Personal hearing in GST adjudication remains mandatory; inadequate notice and an unreasoned adverse order require fresh determination.
    August 1, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Adequate hearing before ex parte tax assessment requires fresh assessment after consequential demand and bank-account attachment are set aside.
    August 1, 2026   Case Laws GST
    Garnishee recovery requires prior adjudication, consideration of taxpayer replies, and a personal hearing before coercive recovery proceeds.

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      Home› Highlights › VAT and Sales Tax › 2019 › August, 2019 › This
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      VAT and Sales Tax

      Whether the expression ‘shall’ partakes the character of ‘may’ de...

      Understanding "Shall" as "May" in Rule 20(2): Flexibility Over Mandate Based on Legislative Intent.

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      VAT and Sales TaxAugust 13, 2019Case LawsHC
      Whether the expression ‘shall’ partakes the character of ‘may’ depends upon the intent of legislation, which requires to be achieved not only from the phraseology of the provision, but considering its nature, design and the consequences. Applying this principle, the word ‘shall’ used in rule 20(2) requires to be read as ‘may’
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