Common-parlance soap classification treats apparel-washing detergent bars as laundry soaps, attracting the applicable GST rate under Schedule II.

Limitation for DRP-directed assessments remains governed by the outer statutory deadline, rendering an untimely final assessment invalid.

TDS credit reflected under one co-owner's PAN should be fully allowed where other co-owners neither claim nor seek transfer.

Reasonable cause for non-audit protected commission-based milk-pouch sales from penalty after returned income was accepted without additions.

Stamp-duty valuation disputes require a valuation reference when requested, preventing unsupported additions under section 56(2)(x).

Notional rental income requires receipt or accrual; reimbursement-only arrangements cannot support taxation of usage charges.

Communication of reopening reasons is essential to reassessment jurisdiction; withholding them invalidates the notice and resulting assessment order.

Specific allegations in Customs Broker notices are essential; vague notices invalidate disciplinary action and consequential licence sanctions.

Deliberate customs misclassification and wrongful exemption claims justified extended limitation for duty recovery and upheld the demand.

Transaction value rejection requires reliable corroboration; refundable VAT is excluded and temporary registration does not defeat new-vehicle exempti...

Appellate jurisdiction remains available where a wrist-worn gold ornament cannot conclusively be characterised as imported baggage at the preliminary ...

Customs exemption exclusions require proof that imported flavour compounds are alcoholic beverage preparations, not reliance on earlier findings.

Customs transaction value rejection based on comparable imports sustained, with penalties for deliberate undervaluation and abetment.

Liberal construction of beneficial drawback schemes requires merits review of delayed Brand Rate applications within the extendable period.

Locus standi in winding-up proceedings: former director's individual challenge to creditors' claims was barred by prior final adjudication.

Written complaint requirement bars cognizance on police reports for securities offences, while unsupported breach of trust and cheating allegations fa...

PMLA committal requires prior cognizance, protecting a substantially completed scheduled-offence trial from delay and preserving speedy trial rights.

PMLA twin conditions bar regular bail where alleged undervalued asset sales generated unrecorded cash and investigation risks persist.

Composite high seas sale consideration includes letter of credit costs and cannot be split into taxable banking services.

Personal liability for trust cheque dishonour requires proof of enforceable debt; rebutted presumptions support acquittal.