Embezzlement losses in charitable institutions remain allowable when misappropriation is established, irrecoverable, and not a specified-person benefi...
National long-distance undertaking status supports deduction where separately licensed infrastructure, resources, revenue, and expenditure establish c...
Agency reimbursement income follows contractual deposit-liability computation, while pending deposit collections do not constitute deemed-dividend loa...
Membership-consent thresholds for oppression petitions are satisfied by unchallenged voter-list consents, while unsupported forgery claims require pro...
Section 45 PMLA bail assessment proceeds on broad probabilities rather than a final assessment of innocence. Routing alleged proceeds of crime through an applicant's account, without more, does not conclusively establish participation where the explanation of a co-accused's control cannot be rejected at the bail stage. Section 436A Cr.P.C. provides beneficial, though not absolute, protection against prolonged pre-trial custody under the right to speedy trial. Where detention exceeds half the maximum sentence, delay is not attributable to the applicant, and trial completion is remote, Article 21 requires conditional liberty despite the seriousness or pendency of predicate proceedings. Regular bail was granted subject to conditions because continued detention had become punitive.
Section 45 PMLA bail assessment proceeds on broad probabilities rather than a final assessment of innocence. Routing alleged proceeds of crime through an applicant's account, without more, does not conclusively establish participation where the explanation of a co-accused's control cannot be rejected at the bail stage. Section 436A Cr.P.C. provides beneficial, though not absolute, protection against prolonged pre-trial custody under the right to speedy trial. Where detention exceeds half the maximum sentence, delay is not attributable to the applicant, and trial completion is remote, Article 21 requires conditional liberty despite the seriousness or pendency of predicate proceedings. Regular bail was granted subject to conditions because continued detention had become punitive.
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