Embezzlement losses in charitable institutions remain allowable when misappropriation is established, irrecoverable, and not a specified-person benefi...
National long-distance undertaking status supports deduction where separately licensed infrastructure, resources, revenue, and expenditure establish c...
Agency reimbursement income follows contractual deposit-liability computation, while pending deposit collections do not constitute deemed-dividend loa...
Membership-consent thresholds for oppression petitions are satisfied by unchallenged voter-list consents, while unsupported forgery claims require pro...
Composite first appeals against separate decrees in consolidated suits are maintainable where common evidence was recorded, a common judgment delivered, certified copies of both decrees and requisite court fees were filed, and relief was sought against each decree. The proviso to Order XLI Rule 1 permits dispensation with an additional copy of the common judgment. Failure to file separate memoranda is a curable formal defect, not a substantive bar; it neither triggers res judicata nor defeats the right of appeal without an opportunity to cure. The contrary High Court order was set aside and second appeals restored for adjudication on merits.
Composite first appeals against separate decrees in consolidated suits are maintainable where common evidence was recorded, a common judgment delivered, certified copies of both decrees and requisite court fees were filed, and relief was sought against each decree. The proviso to Order XLI Rule 1 permits dispensation with an additional copy of the common judgment. Failure to file separate memoranda is a curable formal defect, not a substantive bar; it neither triggers res judicata nor defeats the right of appeal without an opportunity to cure. The contrary High Court order was set aside and second appeals restored for adjudication on merits.
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