Educational approval requires mandatory State registration, but incidental surplus and trustee-owned land do not prove private benefit or profit motiv...
Judicial review of settlement orders cannot reopen settled customs notices, while statutory interest remains subject to verification and quantificatio...
Customs Broker licence lending for consideration justified revocation where exporter authorisation and client verification obligations were also breac...
Fraudulent import documents suspend limitation protection, while redemption of confiscated goods requires duty and interest despite bona fide purchase...
ODR arbitration participation remains mandatory after failed conciliation, while jurisdictional and maintainability objections stay available before t...
Transparency in technical bid evaluation requires disclosed standards and recorded reasons; opaque scoring invalidated tender awards and required fres...
Section 9 insolvency proceedings require a clear and undisputed operational debt and default; where contemporaneous records, emails, invoices and payment entries reveal a genuine dispute over whether freight and allied charges were already discharged, the Adjudicating Authority must refuse summary insolvency relief. A later settlement between the creditor and a third party did not conclusively establish the corporate debtor's liability, especially where the debtor was not a party and the alleged assignment arose after the original transaction. The Tribunal reaffirmed that the IBC cannot be used as a substitute for recovery proceedings when disputed contractual claims need detailed factual adjudication, and it upheld rejection of the Section 9 application.
Section 9 insolvency proceedings require a clear and undisputed operational debt and default; where contemporaneous records, emails, invoices and payment entries reveal a genuine dispute over whether freight and allied charges were already discharged, the Adjudicating Authority must refuse summary insolvency relief. A later settlement between the creditor and a third party did not conclusively establish the corporate debtor's liability, especially where the debtor was not a party and the alleged assignment arose after the original transaction. The Tribunal reaffirmed that the IBC cannot be used as a substitute for recovery proceedings when disputed contractual claims need detailed factual adjudication, and it upheld rejection of the Section 9 application.
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