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of <h1>1985 Amendment Targets Political Defections, Disqualifies Members for Defecting, Voting Against Party, or Post-Election Party Joining.</h1> The Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act, 1985, addresses the issue of political defections, which threaten democratic integrity. It proposes to amend the Constitution to disqualify elected members of Parliament or State Legislatures from their positions if they defect from their political party, vote against party directives, or are expelled. Independent members joining a party post-election and nominated members joining a party after six months of taking their seat will also face disqualification. The amendment includes provisions for party splits and mergers and allows presiding officers to sever political ties. Disqualification decisions will be made by the presiding officer or an elected member of the House.
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