False or omitted advance surtax estimates trigger discretionary penalties up to multiple times the unpaid surtax under new provision. A new section empowers the Income-tax Officer, during regular assessment proceedings, to direct payment of a penalty in addition to surtax where an assessee knowingly furnishes an untrue statement or estimate of advance surtax, or without reasonable cause fails to furnish required statements or estimates under section 7A. Penalties are set with a minimum of ten per cent and upper limits tied to quantified shortfalls-measured by surtax actually paid in the preceding financial year or specified proportions of the assessed surtax-or by one and a half times specified benchmark amounts; an explanation treats payments made by an extended filing date as paid in the prior year for these calculations.