Advance income-tax liability requires estimated tax payments in scheduled instalments with mid year reconciliation and final adjustment.

Advance income-tax is payable where computed advance tax exceeds the threshold; it is calculated by estimating total income, computing tax at prevailing rates, subtracting tax collectible/deductible at source and allowable tax credits, and treating the balance as advance tax. Companies pay in four instalments and other persons in three instalments, with each instalment reduced by prior payments. Assessees may adjust remaining instalments to reflect revised estimates, and payments made after the final instalment date but before the financial year-end are treated as paid in that year.

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