Reliable electronic signatures authenticate electronic records when uniquely linked, exclusively controlled, and capable of detecting subsequent alterations.

Electronic signatures may authenticate electronic records where the selected signature or authentication technique is reliable and included in the Second Schedule. Reliability requires exclusive linkage and control of signature-creation or authentication data, detectability of alterations to the signature and authenticated information, and compliance with prescribed conditions. Procedures may be prescribed to verify the purported signatory or authenticator, and only reliable techniques may be included in the Second Schedule.

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