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Rebate for resident individuals: expanded two-tier relief and tapered withdrawal to avoid abrupt tax cliffs.
Clause 156 creates a two-tier rebate: a general rebate for resident individuals below a base threshold and an enhanced rebate for taxpayers opting into the new tax regime with a higher threshold and larger maximum rebate. The enhanced rebate includes a tapering mechanism for incomes above its threshold and an express cap preventing the rebate from exceeding actual tax liability, with computation rules tied to the new-regime tax rates.
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Rebate allowance framework modernisation - rebates applied after tax computation and capped to prevent negative tax liability.
Allowance of rebates is enabled by Clause 155, which permits rebates to be deducted from income-tax computed on total income after tax computation and before other chapter deductions, and caps aggregate rebates so they cannot exceed the tax computed prior to rebates; the substantive conditions and limits are delegated to Section 156.
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Taxation of member's share: entity-level tax exempts members, unless the entity is untaxed or taxed below top rate.
Clause 310 establishes that a member's share of income from an AOP/BOI is exempt from tax in the member's hands when the association/body is taxed on that income; if the AOP/BOI is not chargeable to tax the member's share is taxed in the member's hands; and if the AOP/BOI is taxed at the maximum marginal rate the member's share is excluded from his total income, otherwise the member's share is included in his total income.
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Deduction for disability: standardized tax relief retained with mandatory medical certification and prescribed certificate submission.
Clause 154 allows resident individuals certified by a medical authority as persons with disability or severe disability to claim a fixed deduction, contingent on furnishing the prescribed certificate with the return and on certificate validity and reassessment rules; definitions are cross referenced to a Bill provision for consistency.
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Deduction for interest on deposits expanded to include senior citizens and time deposits, consolidating small-saver relief.
Clause 153 provides a statutory deduction for interest on deposits to individuals, senior citizens, and HUFs, specifying eligible institutions (banks, cooperative banking societies, and post offices), preserving denial of deductions for interest held by or on behalf of firms, AOPs, or BOIs, and defining time deposits. It consolidates prior disparate provisions by including senior citizens within the same clause with expanded coverage for time deposits, while maintaining the existing deduction treatment for non senior individuals and HUFs.
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Patent royalty deduction for resident inventors: capped, certified relief tied to repatriated foreign receipts and compulsory licence limits.
Clause 152 provides a statutory deduction for resident individual patentees in respect of royalty from patents registered on or after 1 April 2003, subject to a statutory annual ceiling and procedural certification. Deductions in compulsory licence cases are limited to Controller determined royalty; foreign-sourced receipts qualify only to the extent repatriated in convertible foreign exchange within the prescribed period and supported by prescribed certification. Definitions exclude capital gains and sales proceeds from the scope of "royalty," and certification by prescribed authorities is required with the return.
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Deduction for authors' royalty income limited by a fixed cap and repatriation plus certification requirements.
Clause 151 grants a deduction to resident individual authors for professional income from copyright assignment or royalties for literary, artistic, or scientific books (excluding textbooks), subject to a fixed monetary cap and a royalty to sales limit for non lump sum receipts. Foreign income qualifies only if repatriated in convertible exchange within a prescribed period and accompanied by prescribed certification, and claimants must submit payer verified certificates with returns; double deduction for the same income is expressly prohibited.
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Tax deduction for producer companies enables full relief for profits from member-focused agricultural marketing and processing activities.
A statutory measure grants a 100% deduction on profits and gains of qualifying Producer Companies for income attributable to an identified eligible business-marketing members' agricultural produce, supplying inputs to members, and processing members' produce-subject to turnover limits, inclusion in gross total income, sequencing after other Chapter VI A deductions, and a legislatively imposed sunset period, with transitional company-law references and apportionment issues creating practical and interpretive compliance challenges.
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Deduction for co operative societies preserved and modernised, with targeted categories and voting control safeguards for eligibility.
Clause 149 permits deductions for specified categories of income of co operative societies-profits from credit to members, cottage industry, marketing and specified processing of members' agricultural produce, supply of agricultural inputs, collective disposal of members' labour, fishing and allied activities, interest or dividends from investments in other co operatives, and income from letting godowns or warehouses-subject to membership, voting restrictions for certain societies, exclusions for most co operative banks, and computation after specified infrastructure deductions.
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Deduction for inter corporate dividends prevents cascading taxation when dividends are onward distributed within the prescribed timeframe.
Clause 148 permits a deduction for dividends received by a domestic company from domestic companies, foreign companies and business trusts, limited to the amount the recipient company actually distributes to its shareholders by the date one month before the due date for filing the return referenced in the Bill; the same amount cannot be deducted in any other tax year. The deduction is conditional on onward distribution and timely compliance, creating documentary and administrative verification obligations and raising clarifications around the definition of dividend, treatment of foreign dividends and business trust distributions.
Act Rules Bills
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Tax deductions for IFSC and OBU income provide extended full relief subject to accountant certification and regulatory permission.
Clause 147 provides a consolidated deduction regime for OBUs and IFSC units in SEZs, specifying eligible assessees and qualifying income categories (OBU income, banking activities tied to SEZ undertakings/developers, approved IFSC activities, and transfers of leased aircraft or ships within the stated commencement deadline). It prescribes full deduction for designated consecutive years with an elective window for IFSC units, and conditions the allowance on submitting a prescribed accountant's certification and evidence of regulatory permission or registration.
Act Rules Bills
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Deduction for additional employee cost incentivises formal hiring through multi year tax relief subject to reporting and anti abuse conditions.
Clause 146 allows a deduction equal to 30% of additional employee cost for three consecutive tax years where an assessee with business income increases employee numbers and pays emoluments through prescribed modes; claims are disallowed for splitting up, reconstruction, transfer or reorganisation except for revived sick units, and are subject to exclusions based on emolument ceilings, provident fund participation, pension contribution arrangements and minimum tenure thresholds, with the deduction claim contingent on a prescribed accountant's report.
Act Rules Bills
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Tax deduction for bio-degradable waste businesses allows full profit exemption for a fixed multi-year period.
Clause 145 provides a deduction for businesses whose profits and gains arise from collecting, processing or treating bio-degradable waste for activities including generating power, producing bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides or biological agents, producing bio-gas, and making pellets or briquettes for fuel or organic manure. The deduction equals the whole amount of profits and gains from the eligible business and is available for five consecutive tax years beginning with the tax year in which the business commences. Key compliance issues include defining commencement, segregating eligible profits, and clarifying interaction with other incentives.
Act Rules Bills
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Tax incentives for North-Eastern undertakings: full profits deduction under new clause replaces prior provision, with revised cross references and limits.
Special tax relief permits a 100% deduction of profits and gains for eligible North Eastern undertakings commencing within the specified window, subject to exclusions for certain goods and activities, anti abuse restrictions on reconstruction or transfer of used machinery, and limits on concurrent deductions and aggregate deduction periods; updated cross references modernize procedural application but may create interpretive ambiguities on commencement date and aggregation scope.
Act Rules Bills
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Transitional deduction continuity preserved for eligible housing projects, computed and constrained by prior statutory conditions.
Clause 142 preserves transitional tax relief by incorporating the prior housing-project deduction by reference: assessees who would have been eligible under the repealed provision may claim deductions computed under the prior statute for the tax years that would have been covered, subject to the same substantive conditions-including project approval and completion requirements, unit size and utilization thresholds, separate project accounts, exclusion of works contracts, and the clawback mechanism-while not extending benefits to new projects commenced after repeal.
Act Rules Bills
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Grandfathering preserves industrial tax deductions, maintaining prior eligibility and compliance requirements for ongoing transitional claims.
Clause 141 preserves existing deductions for profits and gains of specified industrial undertakings by applying the prior law's eligibility, quantum and duration of deduction as if the repealed provision remained in force. It imports legacy compliance, audit and rule based requirements for ongoing claims, maintains original commencement windows and notification statuses, and prohibits new or extended claims. The clause protects continuity of entitlement while leaving unresolved issues on procedural lapses and treatment of reorganisations.
Act Rules Bills
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Start-up tax deduction: eligible start-ups may claim a consecutive-years profits exemption within the first decade, subject to certification and anti-abuse rules.
Clause 140 provides that an eligible start-up deriving profits from an eligible business may claim a full deduction for three consecutive tax years chosen within ten years of incorporation, subject to eligibility limits, certification by an Inter-Ministerial Board, audit and filing requirements, restrictions on formation by splitting or asset transfer, treatment rules for previously used imported machinery and de minimis used-asset transfers, recomputation at market or arm's length value for intra-group transactions, Assessing Officer powers to adjust profits, a bar on double deductions, and a governmental power to notify prospective exclusions of classes of undertakings.
Act Rules Bills
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SEZ developer deductions preserved as a transitional protection, applying legacy eligibility and computation rules to ongoing projects.
Clause 139 functions as a transitional savings provision preserving deductions for profits and gains from SEZ development by applying the eligibility, computation, and temporal rules of the repealed provision to developers who commenced projects under that earlier regime, thereby maintaining investor expectations and limiting the relief to unexpired periods without creating new entitlements.
Act Rules Bills
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Grandfathering of infrastructure tax deductions allows continuation of prior deduction regime into the new income tax code.
Clause 138 preserves the deduction regime of Section 80-IA as a transitional grandfathering provision: where an assessee's income includes profits from businesses referred to in Section 80-IA and the assessee would have been eligible had the old Act not been repealed, a deduction is allowed computed under Section 80-IA and only for the tax years that would have been available under that section, with all eligibility, computation, anti-abuse, audit and exclusion provisions applying by reference.
Act Rules Bills
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Non-cash political contributions incentivised by tax deduction promote traceability and exclude public-funded entities from benefits.
Deductibility is confined to contributions made by non-cash means to political parties registered under the Representation of the People Act or to electoral trusts, with exclusions for local authorities and artificial juridical persons wholly or partly funded by the Government. The rule aims to ensure traceability and transparency by disallowing cash donations, requires contemporaneous treatment within the tax year, and imposes documentary and payment-channel compliance obligations on donors and recipients, while leaving certain interpretative points-such as the definition of artificial juridical person and acceptable modern payment modes-open to clarification.

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AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017 and IGST Act, 2017

1 February, 2023

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Union Budget 2023-24 + FINANCE Bill, 2023

GOODS AND SERVICES TAX

Note: (a) CGST Act means Central Goods And Services Tax Act, 2017

(b) IGST Act means Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

(c) Amendments carried out through the Finance Bill, 2023 come into effect on the date of its enactment, unless otherwise specified.

Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2023 except those in clause 142 will come into effect from the date when the same will be notified concurrently, as far as possible, with the corresponding amendments to the similar Acts passed by the States & Union territories with legislature. Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2023, vide clause 142 will come into effect retrospectively from 1st July, 2017.

I. AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017 :

S. No.

Amendment

Clause of the Finance Bill, 2023

1.

Clause (d) of sub-section (2) and Clause (c) of sub-section (2A) in section 10 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove the restriction imposed on registered persons engaged in supplying goods through electronic commerce operators from opting to pay tax under the Composition Levy.

[128]

2.

Second and third provisos to sub-section (2) of section 16 of the CGST Act are being amended to align the said sub-section with the return filing system provided in the said Act.

[129]

3.

Explanation to sub-section (3) of section 17 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to restrict availment of input tax credit in respect of certain transactions specified in para 8(a) of Schedule III of the said Act, as may be prescribed, by including the value of such transactions in the value of exempt supply. Further, sub-section (5) of said section is also being amended so as to provide that input tax credit shall not be available in respect of goods or services or both received by a taxable person, which are used or intended to be used for activities relating to his obligations under corporate social responsibility referred to in section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013.

[130]

4.

Sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of section 23 of the CGST Act are being amended, with retrospective effect from 01st July, 2017, so as to provide that persons for compulsory registration in terms of sub section (1) of section and section 22 of the Act need not register if exempt under sub section (1) of section 23.

[131]

5.

A new sub-section (5) in section 37 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the details of outward supplies under sub-section (1) of the said section for a tax period can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

[132]

6.

A new sub-section (11) in section 39 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the return for a tax period can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

[133]

7.

A new sub-section (2) in section 44 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the annual return under sub-section (1) of the said section for a financial year can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

[134]

8.

A new sub-section (15) in section 52 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the statement under sub-section (4) of the said section for a month can be furnished by an electronic commerce operator. Further, it seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for an electronic commerce operator or a class of electronic commerce operators.

[135]

9.

Sub-section (6) of section 54 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove the reference to the provisionally accepted input tax credit to align the same with the present scheme of availment of self- assessed input tax credit as per sub-section (1) of section 41 of the said Act.

[136]

10.

Section 56 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an enabling provision to prescribe manner of computation of period of delay for calculation of interest on delayed refunds.

[137]

11.

A new sub-section (1B) in section 122 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide for penal provisions applicable to Electronic Commerce Operators in case of contravention of provisions relating to supplies of goods made through them by unregistered persons or composition taxpayers.

[138]

12.

Sub-section (1) of section 132 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to decriminalize offences specified in clause (g), (j) and (k) of the said sub-section and to increase the monetary threshold for launching prosecution for the offences under the said Act from one hundred lakh rupees to two hundred lakh rupees, except for the offences related to issuance of invoices without supply of goods or services or both.

[139]

13.

First proviso to sub-section (1) of section 138 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to simplify the language of clause (a), to omit clause (b) and to substitute the clause (c) of said proviso so as to exclude the persons involved in offences relating to issuance of invoices without supply of goods or services or both from the option of compounding of the offences under the said Act. It further seeks to amend sub-section (2) so as to rationalize the amount for compounding of various offences by reducing the minimum as well as maximum amount for compounding.

[140]

14.

A new section 158A in the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide for prescribing manner and conditions for sharing of the information furnished by the registered person in his return or in his application of registration or in his statement of outward supplies, or the details uploaded by him for generation of electronic invoice or E- way bill or any other details, as may be prescribed, on the common portal with such other systems, as may be notified.

[141]

15.

Schedule III of the CGST Act is being amended to give retrospective applicability to Para 7, 8 (a) and 8 (b) of the said Schedule, with effect from 01st July, 2017, so as to treat the activities/ transactions mentioned in the said paragraphs as neither supply of goods nor supply of services. It is also being clarified that where the tax has already been paid in respect of such transactions/ activities during the period from 01st July, 2017 to 31st January, 2019, no refund of such tax paid shall be available.

[142]

II. AMENDMENTS IN THE IGST ACT, 2017:

S. No.

Amendment

Clause of the Finance Bill, 2023

1.

Clause (16) of section 2 of the IGST Act is being amended so as to revise the definition of “non-taxable online recipient” by removing the condition of receipt of online information and database access or retrieval services (OIDAR) for purposes other than commerce, industry or any other business or profession so as to provide for taxability of OIDAR service provided by any person located in non- taxable territory to an unregistered person receiving the said services and located in the taxable territory. Further, it also seeks to clarify that the persons registered solely in terms of clause (vi) of Section 24 of CGST Act shall be treated as unregistered person for the purpose of the said clause. Also, clause (17) of the said section is being amended to revise the definition of “online information and database access or retrieval services” to remove the condition of rendering of the said supply being essentially automated and involving minimal human intervention.

[143]

2.

Proviso to sub-section (8) of section 12 of the IGST Act is being omitted so as to specify the place of supply, irrespective of destination of the goods, in cases where the supplier of services and recipient of services are located in India.

[144]

 

 


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Union Budget 2023-24 + FINANCE Bill, 2023

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