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Permanent Account Number and Aadhaar integration expands mandatory identification and digital authentication for specified transactions and filings.
Clause 262 consolidates allotment, quoting and authentication of the Permanent Account Number and integrates PAN with Aadhaar by mandating application and quoting obligations for specified classes, enabling voluntary applications, requiring intimation of changes, prohibiting multiple PANs, and empowering rule-making and notification to prescribe transactions, authentication procedures and exemptions; it permits Aadhaar linkage and use in lieu of PAN, contemplates inoperative PAN for non-intimation, and relies on Rules 114AAB, 114B, 114BA and 114BB for operational detail while triggering penalties under the existing framework modeled on Section 272B.
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Mandatory Return Filing expands scope and tightens timelines while enabling updated returns with safeguards.
Clause 263 consolidates and expands return-filing obligations by listing classes of mandatory filers, requiring threshold income computation without regard to specified exemptions, defining key terms such as beneficial owner and specified entity, prescribing differentiated due dates, authorising rule-making for electronic filing and return particulars, providing a nine-month window for belated and revised returns, maintaining a forty-eight-month updated return regime subject to specified exclusions, and setting a procedure for defective returns with a rectification period and potential invalidation if unrectified.
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Controlled disclosure of taxpayer information limited by a public interest test, with executive power to restrict access and final administrative decisions.
Clause 258 authorises income tax authorities to disclose information obtained in the discharge of their functions to other tax, duty, cess, or foreign exchange authorities and to notified bodies, constrained by necessity and a public interest limitation; it allows private parties to apply for information subject to satisfaction of senior tax officials and renders disclosure decisions final and non justiciable, while empowering the Central Government by notification to restrict furnishing of information for specified classes of assessees or authorities.
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Deemed judicial status for tax proceedings brings perjury and court grade procedural safeguards to tax adjudication processes.
Clause 257 treats proceedings before income tax authorities as judicial proceedings and deems those authorities to be Civil Courts for specified sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, thereby subjecting participants to penal provisions for false evidence, insult to authority, and related offences while preserving a complaint based procedural safeguard for initiating prosecutions through the income tax authority.
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Faceless collection of information: executive empowered to implement digital, non interface tax information schemes with parliamentary oversight.
Clause 260 empowers the Central Government, by notification, to create a faceless collection of information scheme for calling for and collecting tax information, inspecting company registers, and exercising assessing powers, enabling elimination of physical interfaces, centralised resource optimisation, team based dynamic jurisdiction, and exceptions or modifications to other statutory provisions to implement the scheme, with the requirement that notifications be laid before both Houses of Parliament.
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Powers of competent authority: generic clause grants Assessing Officer equivalent enquiry powers, raising definition and safeguard concerns.
Clause 256 gives a competent authority the power to make any enquiry under the Act with all the powers of an Assessing Officer, mirroring Section 135 of the 1961 Act but replacing an enumerative list of officials with a generic term whose scope depends on definitions and notifications; the clause defers procedural safeguards to the general framework of the Act, making clear definition and transparent designation critical to avoid arbitrariness and jurisdictional overlap.
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Inspection of company registers enables tax units to verify ownership and financial interests under faceless assessment reforms.
Inspection of company registers authorises specified income-tax authorities to inspect and copy registers of members, debenture holders and mortgagees to verify ownership and transactions; such inspections require specific written authorisation and Clause 255 expands exercisable authority to unit-based entities like assessment and verification units, enabling centralized and faceless access while raising questions on necessity thresholds, coverage of electronic records, and procedural safeguards.
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Power to call for information: targeted verification notices enable centralized processing while raising data privacy and procedural safeguard concerns.
Clause 259 empowers a prescribed income tax authority to issue notices to any person to furnish information useful for or relevant to verifying information already in the authority's possession, requiring specification of form, manner and time. Sub clause (2) permits processing and utilisation of received information under a scheme to be notified under section 260, indicating standardized, centralized data handling while leaving procedural safeguards, definition of "proceeding," and privacy protections to the forthcoming scheme.
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Power to collect information: authorised tax officers may require prescribed business records during business hours with non-removal safeguards.
Clause 254 empowers designated income-tax officers to enter premises where a business or profession is carried on during business hours and require proprietors, employees or other persons to furnish prescribed information, while expressly prohibiting removal of books, documents, cash, stock or valuable articles. The power is linked to subordinate rules that prescribe the form and content of information, limits activity to collection (not search or seizure), and includes specified ranks and authorised inspectors subject to delegation and procedural safeguards.
Act Rules Bills
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Survey powers modernisation expands access to digital records while preserving timing limits and prior approval safeguards.
Clause 253 expands survey powers to include computer systems, electronic media and virtual digital space, permits entry to any place where business is carried on or where records are kept, and obliges persons present to provide access and technical assistance. It limits entry hours, restricts removal of assets, authorises marking, extracts, oath-recorded statements, time limited impounding with recorded reasons and inventories, mandates prior senior approval for surveys and allows enforcement measures for non-cooperation.
Act Rules Bills
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Power to call for information enables tax authorities to require verified data from wide categories to support tax enquiries.
Clause 252 confers an expansive authority on specified income-tax officers to require verified information, accounts, and returns from a wide range of persons and intermediaries - including banks, firms, HUFs, trustees, assessees in relation to specified payments, and dealers/brokers/exchanges - to support enquiries, assessments, investigations and international information-exchange, while prescribing approval safeguards where no proceedings are pending and authorising prescribed forms and verification.
Act Rules Bills
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Application of seized assets: statute permits AO to appropriate assets for tax recovery while preserving release safeguards.
Clause 250 authorises the Assessing Officer to apply assets seized or requisitioned towards tax, penalty and interest liabilities (excluding advance tax), covering liabilities under the new Act, the Income tax Act and the Black Money Act. It preserves application of money first, permits appropriation and sale of non monetary assets as prescribed, and allows other recovery modes. Assets may be released on application within thirty days subject to AO satisfaction and senior officer approval and must be released within 120 days; excess assets must be returned and interest is payable on prolonged retention under a specified formula.
Act Rules Bills
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Non-disclosure of reason to believe or suspect limits appellate access while preserving investigative secrecy in tax searches.
Clause 249 bars disclosure of the reason to believe or reason to suspect recorded by income-tax authorities under sections 247 and 248 to any person, authority, or the Appellate Tribunal, thereby insulating the subjective satisfaction that authorises search, seizure, or requisition from appellate scrutiny while leaving constitutional courts able to review reasons in appropriate proceedings.
Act Rules Bills
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Requisition powers enable tax authorities to obtain material held by other agencies for tax proceedings.
Clause 248 authorises a senior approving authority, on forming a reason to believe that summoned books, documents, electronic records or assets are in another authority's custody or will not be produced, to empower specified officers to requisition such material; on delivery the material is treated as if seized, invoking seizure related procedural safeguards while allowing the original authority to retain material until it is no longer necessary for its own proceedings.
Act Rules Bills
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Retention limits on seized materials ensure time-bound return and supervised copying rights under the proposed income tax clause.
Clause 251 governs copying, extraction, retention and release of seized books, documents and electronic records, requiring transfer to the jurisdictional Assessing Officer where necessary, preserving a supervised right to make copies or extracts on application, and imposing a default retention period with extensions only on recorded reasons and higher approval; an absolute cap prohibits retention beyond thirty days after completion of all proceedings, and affected persons may object to continued retention before the Board which must hear them.
Act Rules Bills
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Non-disclosure of reasons protects search and seizure confidentiality while limiting appellate access and focusing review on procedural defects.
Clause 249 creates an absolute statutory bar on disclosure of the "reason to believe" or "reason to suspect" recorded for authorising searches and seizures, preventing disclosure to any person, authority, or the Appellate Tribunal. It preserves the requirement to record reasons and follow procedures but confines challenges to procedural defects, manifest arbitrariness, or jurisdictional absence; constitutional courts may still examine reasons in camera in exceptional cases of mala fides or lack of jurisdiction.
Act Rules Bills
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Search and seizure powers modernized to encompass electronic records, provisional attachment, and expanded evidentiary presumptions.
Clause 247 modernises search and seizure for income tax enforcement by explicitly covering electronic records and undisclosed foreign assets, authorising entry, search, extraction, seizure or prohibitory orders, requisitioning technical assistance, and provisional attachment subject to prior approval and recorded reasons, while retaining the reason to believe standard and rebuttable statutory presumptions regarding ownership and authenticity of seized material.
Act Rules Bills
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Quasi judicial powers enable tax authorities to compel discovery, attendance, and document production with procedural safeguards.
Clause 246 vests specified income tax authorities with civil court-equivalent powers for discovery, inspection, compulsory attendance, production of books and documents, examination on oath, and issuance of commissions; permits exercise of those powers in the absence of pending proceedings where there is a reason to suspect or by Board notification; authorises impounding of produced documents subject to recorded reasons, a limited retention period excluding holidays, and sanctioned extensions.

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AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017 and IGST Act, 2017

1 February, 2023

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Union Budget 2023-24 + FINANCE Bill, 2023

GOODS AND SERVICES TAX

Note: (a) CGST Act means Central Goods And Services Tax Act, 2017

(b) IGST Act means Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

(c) Amendments carried out through the Finance Bill, 2023 come into effect on the date of its enactment, unless otherwise specified.

Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2023 except those in clause 142 will come into effect from the date when the same will be notified concurrently, as far as possible, with the corresponding amendments to the similar Acts passed by the States & Union territories with legislature. Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2023, vide clause 142 will come into effect retrospectively from 1st July, 2017.

I. AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017 :

S. No.

Amendment

Clause of the Finance Bill, 2023

1.

Clause (d) of sub-section (2) and Clause (c) of sub-section (2A) in section 10 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove the restriction imposed on registered persons engaged in supplying goods through electronic commerce operators from opting to pay tax under the Composition Levy.

[128]

2.

Second and third provisos to sub-section (2) of section 16 of the CGST Act are being amended to align the said sub-section with the return filing system provided in the said Act.

[129]

3.

Explanation to sub-section (3) of section 17 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to restrict availment of input tax credit in respect of certain transactions specified in para 8(a) of Schedule III of the said Act, as may be prescribed, by including the value of such transactions in the value of exempt supply. Further, sub-section (5) of said section is also being amended so as to provide that input tax credit shall not be available in respect of goods or services or both received by a taxable person, which are used or intended to be used for activities relating to his obligations under corporate social responsibility referred to in section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013.

[130]

4.

Sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of section 23 of the CGST Act are being amended, with retrospective effect from 01st July, 2017, so as to provide that persons for compulsory registration in terms of sub section (1) of section and section 22 of the Act need not register if exempt under sub section (1) of section 23.

[131]

5.

A new sub-section (5) in section 37 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the details of outward supplies under sub-section (1) of the said section for a tax period can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

[132]

6.

A new sub-section (11) in section 39 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the return for a tax period can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

[133]

7.

A new sub-section (2) in section 44 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the annual return under sub-section (1) of the said section for a financial year can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

[134]

8.

A new sub-section (15) in section 52 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the statement under sub-section (4) of the said section for a month can be furnished by an electronic commerce operator. Further, it seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for an electronic commerce operator or a class of electronic commerce operators.

[135]

9.

Sub-section (6) of section 54 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove the reference to the provisionally accepted input tax credit to align the same with the present scheme of availment of self- assessed input tax credit as per sub-section (1) of section 41 of the said Act.

[136]

10.

Section 56 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an enabling provision to prescribe manner of computation of period of delay for calculation of interest on delayed refunds.

[137]

11.

A new sub-section (1B) in section 122 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide for penal provisions applicable to Electronic Commerce Operators in case of contravention of provisions relating to supplies of goods made through them by unregistered persons or composition taxpayers.

[138]

12.

Sub-section (1) of section 132 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to decriminalize offences specified in clause (g), (j) and (k) of the said sub-section and to increase the monetary threshold for launching prosecution for the offences under the said Act from one hundred lakh rupees to two hundred lakh rupees, except for the offences related to issuance of invoices without supply of goods or services or both.

[139]

13.

First proviso to sub-section (1) of section 138 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to simplify the language of clause (a), to omit clause (b) and to substitute the clause (c) of said proviso so as to exclude the persons involved in offences relating to issuance of invoices without supply of goods or services or both from the option of compounding of the offences under the said Act. It further seeks to amend sub-section (2) so as to rationalize the amount for compounding of various offences by reducing the minimum as well as maximum amount for compounding.

[140]

14.

A new section 158A in the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide for prescribing manner and conditions for sharing of the information furnished by the registered person in his return or in his application of registration or in his statement of outward supplies, or the details uploaded by him for generation of electronic invoice or E- way bill or any other details, as may be prescribed, on the common portal with such other systems, as may be notified.

[141]

15.

Schedule III of the CGST Act is being amended to give retrospective applicability to Para 7, 8 (a) and 8 (b) of the said Schedule, with effect from 01st July, 2017, so as to treat the activities/ transactions mentioned in the said paragraphs as neither supply of goods nor supply of services. It is also being clarified that where the tax has already been paid in respect of such transactions/ activities during the period from 01st July, 2017 to 31st January, 2019, no refund of such tax paid shall be available.

[142]

II. AMENDMENTS IN THE IGST ACT, 2017:

S. No.

Amendment

Clause of the Finance Bill, 2023

1.

Clause (16) of section 2 of the IGST Act is being amended so as to revise the definition of “non-taxable online recipient” by removing the condition of receipt of online information and database access or retrieval services (OIDAR) for purposes other than commerce, industry or any other business or profession so as to provide for taxability of OIDAR service provided by any person located in non- taxable territory to an unregistered person receiving the said services and located in the taxable territory. Further, it also seeks to clarify that the persons registered solely in terms of clause (vi) of Section 24 of CGST Act shall be treated as unregistered person for the purpose of the said clause. Also, clause (17) of the said section is being amended to revise the definition of “online information and database access or retrieval services” to remove the condition of rendering of the said supply being essentially automated and involving minimal human intervention.

[143]

2.

Proviso to sub-section (8) of section 12 of the IGST Act is being omitted so as to specify the place of supply, irrespective of destination of the goods, in cases where the supplier of services and recipient of services are located in India.

[144]

 

 


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Union Budget 2023-24 + FINANCE Bill, 2023

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