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    Act RulesIncome Tax
    Comparison of section 242 "Jurisdiction of Assessing Officers." between the Income-Tax Act, 2025 (as...
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Assessing Officer jurisdiction defined by place of business or residence; intra departmental determination and strict time bars follow.
    Section 242 defines Assessing Officer jurisdiction vested by directions/orders under section 241(1)-(3): jurisdiction for businesses attaches to the place of business or principal place, and for others to residence. Jurisdictional disputes are to be determined by specified income tax authorities or, where those authorities disagree, by the Board or a Board designated authority. The section bars late challenges to jurisdiction by reference to specified notice periods and assessment completion events, requires AOs to refer unresolved timely challenges for departmental determination before assessing, and preserves AO powers over income within the vested area; the enacted text omits certain cross references present in the originating bill.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Taxpayer's Charter: Board empowered to adopt and direct administration, granting wide administrative discretion over implementation.
    Section 240 obligates the Board to adopt and declare a Taxpayer's Charter and to issue orders, instructions, directions or guidelines to other income-tax authorities for its administration; the Board is not defined here and the phrase "as it considers fit" grants wide administrative discretion. The provision is enabling and administrative in character, lacks Charter content, enforcement mechanisms, timelines and definitions of affected authorities, and the practical effect depends on subsequent instruments implementing the Charter.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Board power to issue binding administrative instructions, limited to avoid directing case outcomes and protecting appellate discretion.
    The Board is empowered to issue binding orders, instructions and directions to subordinate income tax authorities for uniform administration while being expressly prohibited from directing a specific outcome in any particular case or interfering with appellate officers' discretion. The Board may issue general or special orders to set procedural guidelines, publish them for public guidance, authorise non appellate authorities to admit time barred claims to alleviate genuine hardship, and relax specified procedural requirements where non compliance was beyond the assessee's control, subject to reasons and parliamentary laying of such relaxation orders.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Appointment powers: Central Government may appoint and delegate tax authority appointments, subject to service rules and orders.
    Section 237 vests plenary appointment power for income-tax authorities in the Central Government, allows delegation to the Board and specified senior tax officers to appoint officers below the rank of Deputy Commissioner or Assistant Commissioner, and permits Board authorised income-tax authorities to appoint necessary executive and ministerial staff; both delegation and staffing powers are expressly qualified "subject to the rules and its orders regulating the conditions of service of persons in public services and posts."
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Tonnage tax reserve requirement ties tax benefits to reinvestment and training; non compliance ends tonnage tax option.
    Section 232 requires tonnage tax companies to credit a mandated proportion of book profit from qualifying shipping activities to a Tonnage Tax Reserve Account annually, permitting use of the reserve within a fixed period for acquisition of qualifying new ships or for operating qualifying ships while prohibiting distributions or offshore asset creation; misuse or non utilisation causes apportionment and taxation of the relevant shipping income, and repeated failures in reserve creation or in meeting training and charter in limits lead to cessation of the tonnage tax option. Reporting, separate books and prescribed certificates are required, and several operational details are left to delegated rules.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Tonnage tax election: structured application, limited renewal and extended re entry bar on opting into the regime.
    Tonnage tax election requires a qualifying company to apply to the Joint Commissioner in the prescribed form and manner within the statutory initial window; the Commissioner may request documents, must afford a reasonable opportunity to be heard before refusing, and must issue a written order within a fixed decision period. Approval makes the scheme applicable from the tax year of election and keeps the option in force for a defined multi year term; cessation events and a restricted renewal window are specified, and a prolonged bar prevents re entry after voluntary opt out, default, or exclusion.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Exclusion of deductions and losses: tonnage tax confines shipping losses within the tonnage regime, barring cross set off.
    The tonnage tax regime confines tax treatment of qualifying shipping operations by treating general loss and deduction provisions as having been applied within each relevant tonnage tax year, prohibiting carry forward or set off of specified losses relating to qualifying ships while under the scheme, and requiring depreciation and pre option loss treatment to reflect deductions as if claimed and allowed; any apportionment of pre option losses must be made on a reasonable basis.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Depreciation allocation for tonnage tax assets: apportioned WDV creates separate qualifying blocks and governs capital gains treatment.
    Clause 229 requires first-year depreciation for the tonnage tax scheme to be computed on the tax written down value apportioned between qualifying and non-qualifying ships using book WDV proportions; the apportioned qualifying amount forms a separate block for depreciation, transfers between blocks follow prescribed proportional formulas on change of use, and disposals of qualifying assets are taxed as capital gains with section 74 applied to the qualifying block's WDV.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Relevant shipping income exclusion from book profit narrowed to a specific book profit computation, clarifying tonnage tax scope and compliance.
    Relevant shipping income comprises profits from enumerated core ship operations and prescribed incidental activities for a tonnage tax company; incidental receipts above the prescribed threshold are excluded from the tonnage measure and taxed generally. Transfers between tonnage and non tonnage businesses are to be tested at market value or, where impracticable, computed on a reasonable basis by the Assessing Officer. Common costs and depreciation must be reasonably allocated, losses in relevant shipping income are ignored for tonnage computation, and the book profit or loss from relevant shipping activities is excluded from the company's book profit for the specified computation under section 206.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Tonnage tax scheme requires separate business treatment and distinct computation for qualifying shipping operations upon exercise of option.
    An elective tonnage tax scheme treats qualifying shipping operations as a separate business requiring separate computation of profits; operation includes owned, chartered and partial charter arrangements. Tonnage income is computed under the Part's computation provision and deemed to be profits of business, with relevant shipping income not chargeable where the scheme applies. The regime is available only if the company exercises the statutory option; absent the option, general provisions apply.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Tonnage tax option for ship operators permits elective computation and deems such income as business income.
    The provision allows companies operating qualifying ships to elect a special tonnage computation and deems the resulting amount to be profits and gains of business or profession, while the enacted text limits the clause's non-application by preserving the operation of certain specified provisions.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Deeming rule: distributions retain trust character, requiring payer reporting and trust taxation at maximum marginal rate.
    Clause 223 deems distributions by a business trust to retain the same character and proportion in the hands of unit holders, charges the trust's total income at the maximum marginal rate subject to qualifying statutory mechanisms, treats specified scheduled items as unit holder income in the year of receipt, excludes certain sums from the deeming rule, and requires payers to furnish prescribed statements detailing the nature of distributed amounts.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Tax on investment income: enacted wording omits explicit treatment of long term capital gains on non specified assets, creating rate uncertainty.
    Special tax rates apply to certain income categories of a non-resident Indian: a specified rate on income from investment, a separate concessional rate on long-term capital gains from a "specified asset," and general rates for residual total income; the enacted text omits an explicit allocation of long-term capital gains on non-specified assets into the investment-income category, creating uncertainty whether such gains attract the special investment rate or fall to residual rates.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Foreign exchange asset classification determines tax treatment of income from assets acquired in convertible foreign exchange.
    Definitions for sections 213-218 tie asset status to acquisition in convertible foreign exchange: a foreign exchange asset is any specified asset acquired with convertible foreign exchange; investment income is any income from such an asset; long-term capital gains are capital gains on a foreign exchange asset that is not short-term; non-resident Indian is a person not resident who is either an Indian citizen or of Indian origin; specified asset lists shares, certain debentures, certain deposits and Central Government securities, with a government notification power and a changed statutory cross-reference for government securities between Bill and Act.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Taxation of foreign institutional investors' securities income: fixed-category rates apply and residual income taxed under general rates.
    The provision creates a category-based tax regime for Foreign Institutional Investors and specified funds, requiring segregation of securities income and capital gains into prescribed heads and applying fixed tax rates to each head, with residual income taxed at general rates. Specified funds are taxed only on amounts attributable to units held by non-residents (attribution to be prescribed). Where gross total income is solely securities income, routine deductions are disallowed; where mixed, specified incomes are excluded for deduction computations. A specified loss-set-off mechanism is excluded for the listed capital gains.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Tax on foreign currency bonds and GDRs: clarified computation and fixed-source tax treatment for non resident incomes.
    Non residents are subject to special tax treatment on interest from specified bonds and dividends on GDRs acquired in foreign currency through an approved intermediary, and on long term capital gains from transfer of those assets; the enacted section prescribes separate tax treatment for each income head, clarifies computation by requiring income tax be computed at the specified rate applied to the corresponding income, and conditions applicability on foreign currency acquisition, intermediary approval, specified deduction exclusions, return filing exceptions and transitional/amalgamation treatment.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Preferential tax regime for offshore fund income from foreign currency purchased units, segregating specified incomes and limiting deductions.
    Section 208 creates a separate tax regime for overseas financial organisations investing in specified Indian units: income from units purchased in foreign currency and long term capital gains on transfer of such units are taxed at fixed rates while remaining income is taxed ordinarily. The provision restricts deductions when gross total income consists solely of those specified incomes and requires segregation of specified incomes so Chapter VIII deductions apply only to the residual income. Eligibility depends on arrangements with specified Indian entities and SEBI approval.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Head specific tax rates for cross border dividends, royalties and technical fees, with restricted deductions and targeted concessions.
    A head specific source taxation regime imposes fixed tax rates on dividends, specified interest, distributed income, unit income, royalties and fees for technical services for non residents and foreign companies, aggregates tax as the sum of prescribed head rates plus tax on residual income, prescribes targeted preferential rates for certain investment vehicles, and restricts deductions in specified scenarios while relying on cross references to other provisions for definitions and exclusions.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Minimum tax regime deeming book profit/adjusted income taxable when regular tax is below prescribed minimum, imposing MAT/AMT.
    Section 206 creates a minimum tax regime whereby, if tax under general provisions is less than a prescribed percentage of book profit (for companies) or adjusted total income (for others), that book profit/adjusted total income is deemed total income and taxed at the prescribed rate. The provision prescribes formulaic add backs and reductions to compute book profit, addresses IND AS transition adjustments, specifies exclusions and carve outs, mandates an accountant's certificate in prescribed form, and provides carry forward and credit rules for excess MAT/AMT paid.
    Act RulesIncome Tax
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    Concessional tax computation limited by eligibility rules, asset provenance constraints, and AO power to recharacterise excess profits.
    Clause 205 sets that, for specified concessional provisions, total income must be computed without certain listed deductions or exemptions, conditions eligibility on the origin and nature of the business and on limits for previously used plant, and empowers the Board (with Central Government approval) to issue guidelines subject to parliamentary laying. The Assessing Officer may determine and attribute profits reasonably deemed in excess of ordinary profits where arrangements inflate returns, applying the arm's length principle for specified domestic transactions.

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      AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017

      2 February, 2022

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      Goods and Service Tax

      Note: (a) CGST Act means Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      (b) IGST Act means Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      (c) UTGST Act means Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 99 to 113 will come into effect from a date to be notified, as far as possible, concurrently with the corresponding amendments to the similar Acts passed by the States & Union territories with legislature. Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 114 to 123 will come into effect on the date of its enactment.

      I. AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017:

      S.No.

      Amendment

      Clause of the Finance Bill, 2022

      1.

      A new clause (ba) to sub-section (2) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being inserted to provide that input tax credit with respect to a supply can be availed only if such credit has not been restricted in the details communicated to the taxpayer under section 38.

      Further, sub-section (4) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for availment of input tax credit by a registered person in respect of any invoice or debit note pertaining to a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

      [99]

      2.

      Clause (b) and (c) of sub-section (2) of section 29 of the CGST Act are being amended so as to provide that the registration of a person is liable for cancellation, where -

      (i) a person paying tax under section 10 has not furnished the return for a financial year beyond three months from the due date of furnishing of the said return;

      (ii) a person, other than those paying tax under section 10, has not furnished returns for such continuous tax period as may be prescribed.

      [100]

      3.

      Sub-section (2) of section 34 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for issuance of credit notes in respect of any supply made in a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

      [101]

      4.

      Section 37 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide for prescribing conditions and restrictions for furnishing the details of outward supply and for communication of the details of such outward supplies to concerned recipients;

      (ii) do away with two-way communication process in return filing;

      (iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in respect of details of outward supplies furnished under sub-section (1);

      (iv) provide for tax period-wise sequential filing of details of outward supplies under sub-section (1).

       

      [102]

      5.

      Section 38 of the CGST Act is being substituted for prescribing the manner as well as conditions and restrictions for communication of details of inward supplies and input tax credit to the recipient by means of an auto-generated statement and to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

      [103]

      6.

      Section 39 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide that the non-resident taxable person shall furnish the return for a month by thirteenth day of the following month;

      (ii) provide an option to the persons furnishing return under proviso to sub-section (1), to pay either the self-assessed tax or an amount that may be prescribed;

      (iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year, for rectification of errors in the return furnished under section 39;

      (iv) provide for furnishing of details of outward supplies of a tax period under sub-section (1) of section 37 as a condition for furnishing the return under section 39 for the said tax period.

      [104]

      7.

       Section 41 of the CGST Act is being substituted so as to do away with the concept of “claim” of eligible input tax credit on a “provisional” basis and to provide for availment of selfassessed input tax credit subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed.

      [105]

      8.

      Sections 42, 43 and 43A of the CGST Act are being omitted so as to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

      [106]

      9.

      Section 47 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for levy of late fee for delayed filing of return under section 52. Further, reference to section 38 is being removed consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act.

      [107]

      10.

       Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 48 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

      [108]

      11.

      Section 49 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide for prescribing restrictions for utilizing the amount available in the electronic credit ledger;

      (ii) allow transfer of amount available in electronic cash ledger under the CGST Act of a registered person to the electronic cash ledger under the said Act or the IGST Act of a distinct person;

      (iii) provide for prescribing the maximum proportion of output tax liability which may be discharged through the electronic credit ledger.

      [109]

      12.

      Sub-section (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act is being substituted retrospectively, with effect from the 1st July, 2017, so as to provide for levy of interest on input tax credit wrongly availed and utilized.

      [110]

      13.

      Sub-section (6) of section 52 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in the statement furnished under subsection (4).

      [111]

      14.

      Section 54 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) explicitly provide that refund claim of any balance in the electronic cash ledger shall be made in such form and manner as may be prescribed;

      (ii) provide the time limit for claiming refund of tax paid on inward supplies of goods or services or both under section 55 as two years from the last day of the quarter in which the said supply was received;

      (iii) extend the scope of withholding of or recovery from refunds in respect of all types of refund;

      (iv) provide clarity regarding the relevant date for filing refund claim in respect of supplies made to a Special Economic Zone developer or a Special Economic Zone unit by way of insertion of a new sub-clause (ba) in clause (2) of Explanation thereto.

      [112]

      15.

      Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 168 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

      [113]

      16.

      Notification No. 9/2018 – Central Tax, dated the 23rd January, 2018, is being amended so as to notify www.gst.gov.in, retrospectively, with effect from 22nd June, 2017, as the Common Goods and Services Tax Electronic Portal, for all functions provided under Central Goods and Services Tax  Rules, 2017, other than those provided for e-way bill and for generation of invoices under sub-rule (4) of rule 48 of the CGST Rules.

      [114]

      17.

      Notification No. 13/2017 – Central Tax, dated the 28th June, 2017, is being amended retrospectively, with effect from the 1st day of July, 2017, so as to notify rate of interest under subsection (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act as 18%.

      [115]

       

       


      Full Text:

      Budget 2022-23 + FINANCE Bill, 2022

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      ActsIncome Tax