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Clause 263 consolidates and expands return-filing obligations by listing classes of mandatory filers, requiring threshold income computation without regard to specified exemptions, defining key terms such as beneficial owner and specified entity, prescribing differentiated due dates, authorising rule-making for electronic filing and return particulars, providing a nine-month window for belated and revised returns, maintaining a forty-eight-month updated return regime subject to specified exclusions, and setting a procedure for defective returns with a rectification period and potential invalidation if unrectified.
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Faceless collection of information: executive empowered to implement digital, non interface tax information schemes with parliamentary oversight.
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Clause 256 gives a competent authority the power to make any enquiry under the Act with all the powers of an Assessing Officer, mirroring Section 135 of the 1961 Act but replacing an enumerative list of officials with a generic term whose scope depends on definitions and notifications; the clause defers procedural safeguards to the general framework of the Act, making clear definition and transparent designation critical to avoid arbitrariness and jurisdictional overlap.
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Inspection of company registers authorises specified income-tax authorities to inspect and copy registers of members, debenture holders and mortgagees to verify ownership and transactions; such inspections require specific written authorisation and Clause 255 expands exercisable authority to unit-based entities like assessment and verification units, enabling centralized and faceless access while raising questions on necessity thresholds, coverage of electronic records, and procedural safeguards.
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Clause 259 empowers a prescribed income tax authority to issue notices to any person to furnish information useful for or relevant to verifying information already in the authority's possession, requiring specification of form, manner and time. Sub clause (2) permits processing and utilisation of received information under a scheme to be notified under section 260, indicating standardized, centralized data handling while leaving procedural safeguards, definition of "proceeding," and privacy protections to the forthcoming scheme.
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Power to collect information: authorised tax officers may require prescribed business records during business hours with non-removal safeguards.
Clause 254 empowers designated income-tax officers to enter premises where a business or profession is carried on during business hours and require proprietors, employees or other persons to furnish prescribed information, while expressly prohibiting removal of books, documents, cash, stock or valuable articles. The power is linked to subordinate rules that prescribe the form and content of information, limits activity to collection (not search or seizure), and includes specified ranks and authorised inspectors subject to delegation and procedural safeguards.
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Survey powers modernisation expands access to digital records while preserving timing limits and prior approval safeguards.
Clause 253 expands survey powers to include computer systems, electronic media and virtual digital space, permits entry to any place where business is carried on or where records are kept, and obliges persons present to provide access and technical assistance. It limits entry hours, restricts removal of assets, authorises marking, extracts, oath-recorded statements, time limited impounding with recorded reasons and inventories, mandates prior senior approval for surveys and allows enforcement measures for non-cooperation.
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Power to call for information enables tax authorities to require verified data from wide categories to support tax enquiries.
Clause 252 confers an expansive authority on specified income-tax officers to require verified information, accounts, and returns from a wide range of persons and intermediaries - including banks, firms, HUFs, trustees, assessees in relation to specified payments, and dealers/brokers/exchanges - to support enquiries, assessments, investigations and international information-exchange, while prescribing approval safeguards where no proceedings are pending and authorising prescribed forms and verification.
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Application of seized assets: statute permits AO to appropriate assets for tax recovery while preserving release safeguards.
Clause 250 authorises the Assessing Officer to apply assets seized or requisitioned towards tax, penalty and interest liabilities (excluding advance tax), covering liabilities under the new Act, the Income tax Act and the Black Money Act. It preserves application of money first, permits appropriation and sale of non monetary assets as prescribed, and allows other recovery modes. Assets may be released on application within thirty days subject to AO satisfaction and senior officer approval and must be released within 120 days; excess assets must be returned and interest is payable on prolonged retention under a specified formula.
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Non-disclosure of reason to believe or suspect limits appellate access while preserving investigative secrecy in tax searches.
Clause 249 bars disclosure of the reason to believe or reason to suspect recorded by income-tax authorities under sections 247 and 248 to any person, authority, or the Appellate Tribunal, thereby insulating the subjective satisfaction that authorises search, seizure, or requisition from appellate scrutiny while leaving constitutional courts able to review reasons in appropriate proceedings.
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Requisition powers enable tax authorities to obtain material held by other agencies for tax proceedings.
Clause 248 authorises a senior approving authority, on forming a reason to believe that summoned books, documents, electronic records or assets are in another authority's custody or will not be produced, to empower specified officers to requisition such material; on delivery the material is treated as if seized, invoking seizure related procedural safeguards while allowing the original authority to retain material until it is no longer necessary for its own proceedings.
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Retention limits on seized materials ensure time-bound return and supervised copying rights under the proposed income tax clause.
Clause 251 governs copying, extraction, retention and release of seized books, documents and electronic records, requiring transfer to the jurisdictional Assessing Officer where necessary, preserving a supervised right to make copies or extracts on application, and imposing a default retention period with extensions only on recorded reasons and higher approval; an absolute cap prohibits retention beyond thirty days after completion of all proceedings, and affected persons may object to continued retention before the Board which must hear them.
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Non-disclosure of reasons protects search and seizure confidentiality while limiting appellate access and focusing review on procedural defects.
Clause 249 creates an absolute statutory bar on disclosure of the "reason to believe" or "reason to suspect" recorded for authorising searches and seizures, preventing disclosure to any person, authority, or the Appellate Tribunal. It preserves the requirement to record reasons and follow procedures but confines challenges to procedural defects, manifest arbitrariness, or jurisdictional absence; constitutional courts may still examine reasons in camera in exceptional cases of mala fides or lack of jurisdiction.
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Search and seizure powers modernized to encompass electronic records, provisional attachment, and expanded evidentiary presumptions.
Clause 247 modernises search and seizure for income tax enforcement by explicitly covering electronic records and undisclosed foreign assets, authorising entry, search, extraction, seizure or prohibitory orders, requisitioning technical assistance, and provisional attachment subject to prior approval and recorded reasons, while retaining the reason to believe standard and rebuttable statutory presumptions regarding ownership and authenticity of seized material.
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Quasi judicial powers enable tax authorities to compel discovery, attendance, and document production with procedural safeguards.
Clause 246 vests specified income tax authorities with civil court-equivalent powers for discovery, inspection, compulsory attendance, production of books and documents, examination on oath, and issuance of commissions; permits exercise of those powers in the absence of pending proceedings where there is a reason to suspect or by Board notification; authorises impounding of produced documents subject to recorded reasons, a limited retention period excluding holidays, and sanctioned extensions.

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AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017

2 February, 2022

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Goods and Service Tax

Note: (a) CGST Act means Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

(b) IGST Act means Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

(c) UTGST Act means Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 99 to 113 will come into effect from a date to be notified, as far as possible, concurrently with the corresponding amendments to the similar Acts passed by the States & Union territories with legislature. Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 114 to 123 will come into effect on the date of its enactment.

I. AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017:

S.No.

Amendment

Clause of the Finance Bill, 2022

1.

A new clause (ba) to sub-section (2) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being inserted to provide that input tax credit with respect to a supply can be availed only if such credit has not been restricted in the details communicated to the taxpayer under section 38.

Further, sub-section (4) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for availment of input tax credit by a registered person in respect of any invoice or debit note pertaining to a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

[99]

2.

Clause (b) and (c) of sub-section (2) of section 29 of the CGST Act are being amended so as to provide that the registration of a person is liable for cancellation, where -

(i) a person paying tax under section 10 has not furnished the return for a financial year beyond three months from the due date of furnishing of the said return;

(ii) a person, other than those paying tax under section 10, has not furnished returns for such continuous tax period as may be prescribed.

[100]

3.

Sub-section (2) of section 34 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for issuance of credit notes in respect of any supply made in a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

[101]

4.

Section 37 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

(i) provide for prescribing conditions and restrictions for furnishing the details of outward supply and for communication of the details of such outward supplies to concerned recipients;

(ii) do away with two-way communication process in return filing;

(iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in respect of details of outward supplies furnished under sub-section (1);

(iv) provide for tax period-wise sequential filing of details of outward supplies under sub-section (1).

 

[102]

5.

Section 38 of the CGST Act is being substituted for prescribing the manner as well as conditions and restrictions for communication of details of inward supplies and input tax credit to the recipient by means of an auto-generated statement and to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

[103]

6.

Section 39 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

(i) provide that the non-resident taxable person shall furnish the return for a month by thirteenth day of the following month;

(ii) provide an option to the persons furnishing return under proviso to sub-section (1), to pay either the self-assessed tax or an amount that may be prescribed;

(iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year, for rectification of errors in the return furnished under section 39;

(iv) provide for furnishing of details of outward supplies of a tax period under sub-section (1) of section 37 as a condition for furnishing the return under section 39 for the said tax period.

[104]

7.

 Section 41 of the CGST Act is being substituted so as to do away with the concept of “claim” of eligible input tax credit on a “provisional” basis and to provide for availment of selfassessed input tax credit subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed.

[105]

8.

Sections 42, 43 and 43A of the CGST Act are being omitted so as to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

[106]

9.

Section 47 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for levy of late fee for delayed filing of return under section 52. Further, reference to section 38 is being removed consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act.

[107]

10.

 Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 48 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

[108]

11.

Section 49 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

(i) provide for prescribing restrictions for utilizing the amount available in the electronic credit ledger;

(ii) allow transfer of amount available in electronic cash ledger under the CGST Act of a registered person to the electronic cash ledger under the said Act or the IGST Act of a distinct person;

(iii) provide for prescribing the maximum proportion of output tax liability which may be discharged through the electronic credit ledger.

[109]

12.

Sub-section (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act is being substituted retrospectively, with effect from the 1st July, 2017, so as to provide for levy of interest on input tax credit wrongly availed and utilized.

[110]

13.

Sub-section (6) of section 52 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in the statement furnished under subsection (4).

[111]

14.

Section 54 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

(i) explicitly provide that refund claim of any balance in the electronic cash ledger shall be made in such form and manner as may be prescribed;

(ii) provide the time limit for claiming refund of tax paid on inward supplies of goods or services or both under section 55 as two years from the last day of the quarter in which the said supply was received;

(iii) extend the scope of withholding of or recovery from refunds in respect of all types of refund;

(iv) provide clarity regarding the relevant date for filing refund claim in respect of supplies made to a Special Economic Zone developer or a Special Economic Zone unit by way of insertion of a new sub-clause (ba) in clause (2) of Explanation thereto.

[112]

15.

Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 168 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

[113]

16.

Notification No. 9/2018 – Central Tax, dated the 23rd January, 2018, is being amended so as to notify www.gst.gov.in, retrospectively, with effect from 22nd June, 2017, as the Common Goods and Services Tax Electronic Portal, for all functions provided under Central Goods and Services Tax  Rules, 2017, other than those provided for e-way bill and for generation of invoices under sub-rule (4) of rule 48 of the CGST Rules.

[114]

17.

Notification No. 13/2017 – Central Tax, dated the 28th June, 2017, is being amended retrospectively, with effect from the 1st day of July, 2017, so as to notify rate of interest under subsection (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act as 18%.

[115]

 

 


Full Text:

Budget 2022-23 + FINANCE Bill, 2022

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Acts Income Tax