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Foreign exchange asset definition narrows concessional tax eligibility for non-residents, affecting documentation and asset scope.
Clause 212 defines key terms for the concessional tax regime applicable to non-residents and foreign companies: foreign exchange asset (assets acquired with convertible foreign exchange), investment income (income from such assets), long-term capital gains (capital gains on foreign exchange assets not short-term), non-resident Indian (citizen or person of Indian origin who is not resident) and specified asset (shares, certain debentures and deposits, government securities, and notified assets). The clause updates cross-references to current company law and retains notification powers, while omitting an explicit explanation of person of Indian origin and an in-text definition of convertible foreign exchange, creating potential interpretive need for rules or guidance.
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Taxation of specified income tightened for non-profit organisations, expanding taxable triggers and clarifying timing of taxability.
Clause 337 creates an event based tax regime for specified income of registered non profit organisations by enumerating eleven triggers (including anonymous donations above a threshold, related party benefits, prohibited overseas application, investment contraventions, corpus condition breaches, misapplication or non utilisation of accumulated income, transfers to other NPOs, application to non charitable purposes, and assessing officer determined business income) and linking each trigger to the tax year in which the taxable event occurs, thereby prioritising disclosure, accountability, and timing clarity while leaving rate and deduction rules to other provisions.
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Taxation of virtual digital assets: flat rate plus denial of loss relief reshapes compliance and reporting obligations.
Clause 194 (Table: S. No. 4) creates a dedicated tax regime for income from transfer of virtual digital assets, applying to any person and taxing such income at a flat rate while allowing only the cost of acquisition as a deduction. All other expenses, allowances, set offs and carry forwards of losses from VDA transfers are disallowed. The statutory definition of "transfer" applies to VDAs irrespective of capital asset status, requiring segregation of VDA income in tax computation and imposing enhanced record keeping and compliance obligations.
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Taxation of carbon credit transfers: concessional flat tax with prohibition on deductions simplifies compliance and defines eligible credits.
Clause 194 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 subjects income from transfer of carbon credits to a self contained regime: any person is taxable on such income at a flat 10% rate, computed by taxing the carbon credit income at 10% and taxing remaining income under normal provisions. The provision defines carbon credit as a UNFCCC validated reduction of one tonne of CO2 or equivalent gases tradable at market price, contains an overriding clause over other Act provisions, and expressly disallows any deduction or allowance in computing such income, resulting in taxation of gross consideration.
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A concessional regime taxes royalty from patents developed and registered in India for resident patentees as gross income at a concessional rate, disallowing any deduction; assessees must exercise a prescribed option within the prescribed time, and non compliance for any of five succeeding years triggers a five year ineligibility. Definitions require substantial in country development expenditure and exclude sale proceeds and capital gains from royalty.
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Clause 195 targets income referred to in sections 102-106, applying whether self declared or determined by the Assessing Officer, and mandates taxation of those amounts at a punitive flat rate while the balance income is taxed normally. It further provides an overriding rule that no deduction, allowance, or set off of losses is permitted against the income so classified, thereby preventing taxpayers from reducing liability on such unexplained or unaccounted sums.
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Anonymous donations taxation: broader scope and threshold rule increase compliance and record-keeping obligations for non-profits.
Clause 337 targets anonymous donations to registered non-profit organisations (excluding entities wholly for religious purposes) by taxing the amount of anonymous donations exceeding the higher of a specified absolute sum or a percentage of such donations in the tax year, with contemporaneous recognition of receipts. The clause broadens applicability beyond the prior enumerated institutions, omits a specified tax rate, and lacks detailed definitions and compliance mechanics, creating interpretive and administrative uncertainties for mixed purpose organisations and cross border receipts.
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Special taxation of non-resident sports and entertainment income: flat-rate treatment with no deductions and TDS-driven compliance.
A flat-rate regime taxes specified India-sourced receipts of non-resident sportsmen, sports associations, and entertainers-covering participation, performances, advertisements and article contributions-with such receipts treated as ring-fenced special income taxed separately from other income; deductions are expressly disallowed for computing that special income, and proper withholding at source can exempt a taxpayer from domestic return-filing when that is the taxpayer's sole Indian income.
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Tax on gambling winnings: flat gross tax with no deductions, and online gaming treated separately.
Clause 194 (Table S. No. 1) taxes winnings from lotteries, crossword puzzles, races (excluding income from owning or maintaining race horses), card games and other gambling at a flat rate on gross receipts with no deductions or set-off; tax is computed in two steps-tax on such winnings and tax on the balance of income as if winnings were excluded-and winnings from online games are expressly excluded and dealt with separately.
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Concessional tax regime for new manufacturing co-operative societies offers reduced tax for qualifying manufacturing income.
A concessional tax regime grants newly formed manufacturing co-operative societies an optional, irrevocable reduced tax treatment for qualifying manufacturing income, contingent on formation and commencement within prescribed windows, exercise of the option in the prescribed manner, and compliance with anti abuse conditions. Qualifying income is computed without specified deductions or set offs, certain non manufacturing income and specified gains are taxed at higher rates, and failure to satisfy conditions withdraws the regime for the relevant and subsequent years.
Act Rules Bills
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Concessional tax regime for resident cooperative societies: elective simplified computation in exchange for forgoing specified deductions.
Clause 203 establishes an elective concessional tax regime for resident cooperative societies permitting computation of total income without specified deductions and without set-off of losses or depreciation attributable to those disallowed deductions; the option is exercised in the prescribed manner within the return-filing timeframe, is irrevocable, and failure to meet conditions renders the option invalid for that and subsequent years, while losses and depreciation not allowed are deemed finally given effect. An IFSC carve-out permits designated deductions for IFSC units subject to conditions.
Act Rules Bills
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New tax regime narrows exemptions and denies related loss carry-forwards, requiring strict opt-in procedures and electronic compliance.
Clause 202 creates a consolidated new tax regime for individuals, HUFs, AOPs, BOIs and certain artificial juridical persons pairing a graded slab structure with the denial of most specified exemptions, deductions and loss set-offs. Total income is computed without the benefit of listed deductions and without carry-forward or set-off of losses and depreciation attributable to those disallowed items. The clause prescribes an option procedure with strict withdrawal and re-entry limits for business/professional assessees and contemplates procedural electronic filing requirements and an IFSC carve-out.
Act Rules Bills
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Concessional tax regime for new manufacturing companies limits exemptions and binds firms to an irrevocable option for preferential taxation.
Concessional tax regime for new manufacturing domestic companies grants a lower corporate rate to qualifying manufacturers while disallowing most exemptions and deductions. The regime requires an irrevocable option, exercised in the prescribed manner by the due date for the first return; failure to meet conditions causes permanent loss of eligibility. Income computation is exemption free, with no carry forward for losses or depreciation attributable to disallowed deductions. Benefits can continue on amalgamation if conditions are met. Procedural and definitional details are expected to be specified in subordinate rules.
Act Rules Bills
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Optional concessional corporate tax regime requires companies to forgo specified deductions and accept irrevocable tax treatment.
Optional concessional corporate tax regime requires domestic companies to compute taxable income without specified deductions and to forgo set-off or carry forward of losses or depreciation attributable to those disallowed items, treating such losses and depreciation as having been given full effect; the option must be exercised in the prescribed manner by the filing due date, is irrevocable and applies to subsequent tax years, with modified treatment for IFSC units and procedural details to be provided by subordinate rules.
Act Rules Bills
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Concessional tax regime for manufacturing companies requires irrevocable option and prohibits set off of attributable losses.
Clause 199 creates a concessional tax regime for qualifying domestic manufacturing companies, available at the taxpayer's option, conditioned on exclusive engagement in manufacturing related activities and computed without specified deductions. It precludes set off of losses attributable to those disallowed deductions by deeming such losses to have been fully given effect to. The option must be exercised in the prescribed manner by the due date for the first return and, once exercised, is irrevocable for subsequent years except where a statutory switch is permitted, thereby trading lower tax rates for forfeiture of targeted incentives and necessitating clear procedural compliance.
Act Rules Bills
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Taxation of special incomes: consolidated flat-rate regime covering life insurance profits and emerging digital income streams.
Clause 194 creates a consolidated flat-tax framework for specified special incomes-winnings, patent royalties, carbon credits, VDAs, online game winnings, and life insurance profits-providing category-specific rates, comprehensive definitions, and an overriding application. For life insurance business it preserves a concessional 12.5% flat tax and the aggregate computation method but omits the prior temporary deposit requirement and lacks detailed computation rules, potentially causing interpretive issues on measuring ''profits and gains.'' Clause 194 modernises taxation of emerging income streams while centralising special-income treatment under one provision.
Act Rules Bills
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Taxation of foreign portfolio investment: concessional rates tied to strict attribution and compliance requirements.
Clause 210 creates a consolidated tax framework for FIIs and specified funds on securities income and capital gains, setting concessional rates by income category and conditioning those rates on prescribed attribution to non resident unit holders (excluding permanent establishments). It restricts specified deductions where income consists solely of securities receipts, disapplies certain loss set off provisions for securities gains, and anticipates rule based mechanisms for daily AUM attribution and digital filing requirements, aligning and refining the policy and operational features previously governed by Section 115AD and Rules 21AJ/21AJAA.

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Tax incentives for units located in International Financial Services Centre (IFSC)

1 February, 2021

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Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

Tax incentives for units located in International Financial Services Centre (IFSC)

Government has establishment a world class financial services centre. Units located in IFSC enjoy some concession. In order to make location in IFSC more attractive, it is proposed to provide the following additional incentives:

(i) It is proposed to amend section 9A of the Act to provide that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify that any one or more of the conditions specified in clauses(a) to (m) of sub-section(3) or clauses (a) to (d) of sub-section (4) of section 9A of the Act shall not apply (or apply with modification) to an eligible investment fund or its eligible fund manager, if the fund manager is located in an International Financial Services Centre and has commenced operations on or before the 31st day of March, 2024.

(ii) It is also proposed to amend clause (4D) of section 10 of the Act so as to provide that the exemption under this clause shall also be available in case of any income accrued or arisen to, or received to the investment division of offshore banking unit to the extent attributable to it and computed in the prescribed manner.

(iii) It is also proposed to amend the expression “specified fund” to include under the purview the investment division of offshore banking unit which has been granted a category III AIF registration and fulfils other conditions to be prescribed including the condition of maintaining separate books for its investment division. The investment division of offshore banking unit is proposed to be defined as an investment division of a banking unit of a non- resident located in an International Financial Services Centre and which has commenced operation on or before the 31st day of March, 2024.

(iv) It is also proposed to insert new clause (4E) in of section 10 of the Act so as to exempt any income accrued or arisen to, or received by a non-resident as a result of transfer of non-deliverable forward contracts entered into with an offshore banking unit of International Financial Services Centre which commenced operations on or before the 31st day of Mach, 2024 and fulfils prescribed conditions.

(v) It is also proposed to insert new clause (4F) in of section 10 of the Act so as to exempt any income of a non-resident by way of royalty on account of lease of an aircraft in a previous year paid by a unit of an International Financial Services Centre, if the unit is eligible for deduction under section 80LA for that previous year and has commenced operation on or before the 31st day of the March, 2024.

(vi) It is also proposed to insert new clause (23FF) in of section 10 of the Act so as to exempt any income of the nature of capital gains, arising or received by a non-resident, which is on account of transfer of share of a company resident in India by the resultant fund and such shares were transferred from the original fund to the resultant fund in relocation, if capital gains on such shares were not chargeable to tax had that relocation not taken place.

“Original Fund” is proposed to be defined as a fund established or incorporated or registered outside India, which collects funds from its members for investing it for their benefit and fulfils the following conditions, namely:-

(a) the fund is not a person resident in India;

(b) the fund is a resident of a country or a specified territory with which an agreement referred to in sub-section (1) of section 90 or sub-section (1) of section 90A has been entered into; or is established or incorporated or registered in a country or a specified territory notified by the Central Government in this behalf;

(c) the fund and its activities are subject to applicable investor protection regulations in the country or specified territory where it is established or incorporated or is a resident; and

(d) fulfils such other conditions as prescribed;

“Relocation” is proposed to be defined as transfer of assets of the original fund to a resultant fund on or before the 31st day of March, 2023, where consideration for such transfer is discharged in the form of share or unit or interest in the resulting fund to the shareholder or unit holder or interest holder of the original fund in the same proportion in which the share or unit or interest was held by such shareholder or unit holder or interest holder in such original fund.

“Resultant fund” is proposed to be defined as a fund established or incorporated in India in the form of a trust or a company or a limited liability partnership, which-

(a) has been granted a certificate of registration as a Category I or Category II or Category III Alternative Investment Fund, and is regulated under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Alternative Investment Fund) Regulations, 2012, made under the Securities and exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992); and

(b) is located in any International Financial Services Centre as referred to in sub-section (1A) of section 80LA.

(vii) It is also proposed to amend section 47 of the Act to insert new clauses in the said section so as to provide that any transfer, in relocation, of a capital asset by the original fund to the resultant fund shall not be considered as transfer for capital gain tax purpose. It is also proposed to provide another clause to provide that any transfer by a shareholder or unit holder or interest holder, in a relocation, of a capital asset being a share or unit or interest held by him in the original fund in consideration for the share or unit or interest in the resultant fund shall not be treated as transfer for the purpose of capital gains. The definition of “Original Fund”, “Relocation” and Resultant Fund shall be as already described above.

(vii) Consequential amendments shall be proposed in section 49, 56 and 79 of the Act on account of such relocation.

(ix) It is also proposed to amend the section 80LA of the Act to:

• provide that deduction under said section is also available to a unit of International Financial Services Centre if it is registered under the International Financial Services Centre Authority Act, 2019 and thereby removing the earlier requirement of obtaining permission under any other relevant law.

• provide that the income arising from transfer of an asset, being an aircraft or aircraft engine which was leased by a unit referred to in clause (c) of sub-section (2) of said section to a domestic company engaged in the business of operation of aircraft before such transfer shall also be eligible for 100% deduction subject to condition that the unit has commenced operation on or before the 31st March 2024.

• to provide that in case the unit is registered under the International Financial Services Centre Authority Act, 2019 then the copy of permission shall mean a copy of the registration obtained under the International Financial Services Centre Authority Act, 2019.

(x) It is proposed to amend section 115AD to make the provision of this section applicable to investment division of an offshore banking unit in the same manner as it applies to specified fund. However, the provisions of this section shall apply to the extent of income that is attributable to the investment division of such banking unit as a Category-III portfolio investor under the Securities and exchange Board of India (Foreign Portfolio investors) Regulations, 2019 made under the Securities And Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992), calculated in the prescribed manner.

The expression “investment division of offshore banking unit” is also proposed to have the meaning as defined in Para (iii).

These amendments will take effect from 1st April, 2022 and will accordingly apply to the assessment year 2022-23 and subsequent assessment years.

[Clauses 4,5,15, 17, 21, 23 and 30]

 


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Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

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Acts Income Tax