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    Ensuring Procedural Fairness in GST Registration Cancellation: Analysis of a High Court Ruling
    Case LawsService Tax
    The Intersection of International Business and Service Tax: The Export of Services Under Indian Serv...
    Case LawsIncome Tax
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    High Court Rules on the Invalidity of Reassessment Notices Issued to a Deceased Person
    From Denial to Grant: A Legal Examination of Bail in Money Laundering Allegations
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    From Valuation to Penalty and redemption fine: Legal Implications of Importing Restricted Goods in C...
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    Case LawsGST
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    Procedural fairness in GST registration: specific, detailed show cause notices are required to protect taxpayer hearing rights.
    Cancellation of GST registration requires adherence to procedural fairness, with show cause notices containing precise and detailed allegations so a taxpayer can mount an effective defence; technical portal limitations do not excuse failures to particularise allegations and authorities should issue a fresh detailed notice where the initial notice is defective.
    Case LawsService Tax
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    Export of service: services benefiting a foreign recipient's overseas business can qualify as exports, affecting service tax liability.
    Whether commissions earned by an Indian sub agent for procuring orders for a foreign principal qualify as export of service under the Export of Service Rules 2005 depends on the destination based consumption tax concept: the place where benefit accrues and the location of the service recipient determine export character, and services benefiting a foreign recipient's overseas business that meet the Rules' conditions are treated as exports and outside domestic service tax.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
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    Jurisdictional validity of tax notice: lack of proper jurisdiction can vitiate assessment proceedings and nullify further action.
    The dominant operative point is that a valid scrutiny assessment under Section 143(2) requires issuance by an officer with lawful jurisdiction determined by income thresholds and administrative instructions; failure in jurisdictional competence can render the notice and ensuing assessment proceedings invalid. Procedural fairness-specifically the opportunity to be heard-is a corollary concern, and while issues regarding additions under Section 69A and the tax effect of Section 115BBE are raised, they become academic if the initiation itself is found jurisdictionally flawed.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Validity of reassessment notices: notices issued to a deceased person are void and must be directed to the correct legal entity.
    The High Court held that reassessment notices issued in the name of a deceased assessee are null and void, constituting substantive illegality when directed to a non-existent person; the court emphasized that the correct legal entity must be addressed, that the legal heir's communications and filings were material, and that procedural protections and statutory reopening procedures cannot be bypassed due to administrative or IT constraints.
    Case LawsPMLA
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    Bail in money laundering cases-personal liberty and pretrial custody can outweigh investigatory severity when trial is pending.
    The dispute examines bail law in money laundering allegations where the High Court denied bail based on the statutory construction of money laundering and the concept of proceeds of crime, treating the accused as central to an alleged conspiracy; by contrast, the higher court emphasised personal liberty, the duration of pretrial custody, the absence of trial commencement, and the accused's non-inclusion as an accused in the prosecuting agency's charge-sheet, applying the principle of bail over continued detention within the statutory bail regime for money laundering.
    Case LawsGST
    Show AI Summary
    Natural justice requires specific show cause particulars and precludes vague retrospective GST registration cancellations.
    The court found the show cause notice to be vague and deficient in particulars, resulting in a breach of natural justice because the taxpayer was not provided relevant material or evidence. It held that retrospective cancellation without specific mention in the notice lacked legal support and stressed that administrative authorities must avoid arbitrary action, provide clear particulars, and adhere to procedural and statutory norms under the GST regime.
    Case LawsCentral Excise
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    Excise duty valuation: inclusion of customer duty benefits affects assessable value; intent determines extended limitation applicability.
    Excise duty valuation focuses on whether benefits from transferred advance licences are includable in the transaction value for assessable value, assessed against statutory value principles and precedent. The extended limitation regime requires proof of deliberate evasion-fraud, collusion, willful misstatement, or suppression-and the Court distinguishes honest legal interpretation from intentional suppression, emphasising mens rea and conduct when applying the extended period to valuation disputes.
    Case LawsIBC
    Show AI Summary
    Acknowledgment of debt in corporate records can extend limitation, enabling insolvency petitions after prior procedural stays.
    The tribunal addressed whether acknowledgments in financial statements and corporate conduct extend the limitation period under the Limitation Act for insolvency petitions, factoring in statutory exclusion of time spent under prior SICA proceedings. It held that a holistic appraisal of balance sheet entries, director's reports and the debtor's conduct can constitute an implicit acknowledgment of debt within the limitation period, thereby operating to extend time for filing an insolvency application.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
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    Long-term capital gains preserved where transaction records establish genuineness; mere broker misconduct is insufficient evidence.
    The issue is whether gains from sale of low-priced shares are long-term capital gains or unexplained cash credits under Section 68. The authorities suspected accommodation entries via a broker with a tainted history, but transaction documents-bills, bank payments and contract notes-were held to establish genuineness. Mere suspicion of broker misconduct was deemed insufficient without direct evidence linking the assessee to contrived entries; evidentiary standards and fair hearing obligations were decisive.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Permanent establishment attribution: precedent-driven analysis limits taxable profit allocation to where core value is created in digital services.
    The principal issue is attribution of profits to a Permanent Establishment for cross-border digital reservation services, requiring a fact-sensitive analysis of where core business activities and value creation occur; judicial reasoning relied on materially similar precedent to determine the appropriate share of revenue attributable to the PE, stressing that a mere business connection or digital presence does not automatically justify full profit allocation to the jurisdiction and that clear tracing of value creation is essential to avoid double taxation.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Application of mind in tax approvals: inadequate ACIT scrutiny under Section 153D can invalidate assessments.
    The core issue is whether the ACIT, when granting approval under Section 153D, performed a genuine application of mind by scrutinising assessment records and search material; the Tribunal and High Court found the approval lacked adequate examination, leading to inconsistencies between additions made by the assessing officer and the assessed income, and rendering the assessment unreliable. The matter was treated as factual rather than presenting a substantial question of law.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Royalty characterisation: cross-border telecom payments not taxable as royalty, limiting TDS and extraterritorial jurisdiction.
    Payments by an Indian telecom operator to non-resident carriers for interconnectivity and capacity transfers are not to be characterised as royalty under the applicable DTAA and therefore do not attract TDS; DTAA interpretation governs characterization, Indian jurisdiction is limited over extra territorial income where the foreign entities lack a taxable presence, and retrospective amendments do not impose tax on past transactions compliant with the law at the time.
    Case LawsGST
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    Duty to comply with GST summons: noncompliance can permit statutory enforcement while safeguards against arbitrary arrest remain.
    The Supreme Court held that individuals summoned under the GST regime have an enforceable duty to comply with lawful summons; non compliance may trigger statutory enforcement, including arrest where prescribed conditions are met. The Court limited judicial interference in administrative enforcement, underscoring that arrest powers under the CGST Act must be exercised within statutory conditions and subject to safeguards against arbitrary action, while permitting authorities to proceed if respondents fail to comply after a final opportunity.
    Case LawsIBC
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    Priority of electricity dues questioned as insolvency rules may alter creditor ranking during corporate liquidation.
    The central issue is whether electricity dues constitute a security interest that makes the supplier a secured creditor with a first charge on assets, or whether such dues are operational/governmental claims subordinated by the IBC waterfall; this turns on registration and formal requirements for security interests and on reconciling the Electricity Act's recovery regime with the IBC's overriding, comprehensive insolvency priority scheme.
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    Deemed income classification denied where surrendered receipts are linked to business activities, avoiding higher tax rate.
    Where surrendered cash, advances and stock discrepancies identified in a survey are linked to ordinary business activities and the assessee supplies specific explanations of source and nexus, the deeming provisions for unexplained investments and unrecorded ownership do not automatically apply; accordingly the higher-rate taxation applicable to incomes classified as deemed income is inapplicable and the amounts are treated as business income for tax purposes.
    Case LawsCustoms
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    Redemption fine reduction for restricted imports emphasises proportionality in customs penalty and valuation disputes practice.
    Valuation of imported used multifunction machines was reassessed by a Chartered Engineer, supporting an enhanced customs value while prompting scrutiny of their classification as restricted and the legal basis for detention. The Tribunal evaluated confiscation limits and applied proportionality in monetary sanctions, reducing the imposed penalty and redemption fine to specified proportions of the enhanced value, thereby illustrating judicial discretion in balancing enforcement with fairness in customs adjudication.
    Case LawsService Tax
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    Delay in tax adjudication undermines statutory timeframe and can violate principles of natural justice, affecting taxpayers' rights.
    Inordinate delay in adjudicating a service tax show cause notice raised whether such delay contravened the statutory timeframe under Section 73 and violated principles of natural justice; the delay of about a decade, despite an early response by the taxpayer, was characterised as inordinate and prejudicial, inconsistent with the statutory aim of prompt determination and established precedents requiring proceedings to conclude within a reasonable period.
    Case LawsCorporate Laws
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    Secured creditor priority upheld; asset protection costs initially borne by creditors and rival claims sent to the specialized tribunal for adjudication.
    The court transferred disputes over assets of a company in liquidation to the specialized insolvency tribunal for expedited adjudication, affirmed the priority of secured creditors while permitting other claimants to present possessory or contractual claims before the tribunal, and ordered that interim asset protection expenses be initially borne by secured creditors but remain recoverable as part of their claims.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Surplus stock classification: accounting linkage to business determines treatment as business income over unexplained investment.
    Classification of surplus stock found during a section 133A survey depends on its nexus with ordinary trading and documentary accounting. Where excess inventory is recorded in the stock register and credited to partners' capital account, these accounting entries indicate it forms part of regular business stock and support treatment as business income rather than unexplained investment under section 69B, affecting applicability of special tax treatment under section 115BBE.
    Case LawsGST
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    GST reimbursement entitlement affirmed for contract wide transactions, requiring payment with statutory interest and retrospective calculation.
    The court construed amended contract clauses to cover GST impact on both direct and indirect transactions, concluding that the implementing agency's cessation of reimbursements and retrospective recoveries breached contractual promises and principles of promissory estoppel and Article 14, giving rise to an entitlement to reimbursement of withheld GST sums with statutory interest and a court directed timeline for calculation and payment.

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      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      1 February, 2021

      Contents
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      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      S. No

      Chapter, Heading, sub- heading, tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

       

       

      Agricultural Products and By Products

       

       

      1.

      2207 20 00

      Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol) for use in manufacture of excisable goods

      2.5%

      5%

      2.

      23

      All goods except dog and cat food and shrimp larvae feed

      Nil/ 5%/

      10%/

      15%/

      20%/

      30%

      15%

       

       

      Minerals

       

       

      3.

      2528

      Natural borates and concentrates thereof

      Nil/5%

      2.5%

        

      Fuels, Chemicals and Plastics

        

      3.

      2710

      Naphtha

      4%

      2.5%

      5.

      2907 23 00

      Bis-phenol A

      Nil

      7.5%

      6.

      2910 30 00

      Epichlorohydrin

      2.5%

      7.5%

      7.

      2933 71 00

      Caprolactam

      7.5%

      5%

      8.

      3907 40 00

      Polycarbonates

      5%

      7.5%

      9.

      3908

      Nylon chips

      7.5%

      5%

      10.

      3920 99 99

      Other plates, sheets, films, etc. of other plastics

      10%

      15%

        

      Leather

        

      11

      41

      Wet blue chrome tanned leather, crust leather, finished leather of all kinds, including splits and sides of the aforesaid

      Nil

      10%

        

      Textiles

        

      12.

      5002

      Raw Silk (not thrown)

      10%

      15%

      13.

      5004, 5005,

      5006

      Silk yarn, yarn spun from silk waste (whether or not put up for retail sale)

      10%

      15%

      14.

      5201

      Raw Cotton

      Nil

      5% +

      5% AIDC*

      15.

      5202

      Cotton waste (including yarn waste or garneted stock)

      Nil

      10%

      16.

      5402, 5403,

      5404, 5405

      00 00, 5406,

      5501 to 5510

      Nylon Fibre and Yarn

      7.5%

      5%

        

      Gems and Jewellery Sector

        

      17.

      7106

      Silver

      12.5.%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      18.

      7106

      Silver Dore

      11%

      6.1% +

      2.5%

      AIDC*

      19.

      7108

      Gold

      12.5%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      20.

      7108

      Gold Dore

      11.85%

      6.9%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      21.

      7107 00 00,

      7109 00 00,

      7111 00 00

      Base metals or precious metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      22.

      7110

      Other precious metals like Platinum, Palladium, etc.

      12.5%

      10%

      23.

      7112

      Waste and scrap of precious metals or metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      24.

      7112

      Spent catalyst or ash containing precious metals

      11.85%

      9.17%

      25.

      7113

      Gold or Silver Findings

      20%

      10%

      26.

      7118

      Coin

      12.5%

      10%

       

       

      Metals

       

       

      27.

      7204

      Iron and steel scrap, including stainless steel scrap [up to 31.03.2022]

      2.5%

      Nil

      28.

      7206 and

      7207

      Primary/Semi-finished products of non-alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      29.

      7208, 7209,

      7210, 7211,

      7212, 7225

      (except 7225

      11 00) and

      7226 (except

      7226 11 00)

      Flat products of non-alloy and alloy steel

      10%

      /12.5%

      7.5%

      30.

      7213, 7214,

      7215, 7216,

      7217, 7221,

      7222, 7223,

      7227 and

      7228

      Long product of non-alloy, stainless and alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      31.

      7225

      Raw materials for use in manufacture of CRGO steel [up to 31.03.2023]

      2.5%

      Nil

      32.

      7404

      Copper Scrap

      5%

      2.5%

      33.

      7318

      Screw, bolts, nuts, etc. of iron and steel

      10%

      15%

       

       

      Capital Goods

       

       

      34.

      8430

      Tunnel boring machines

      Nil

      7.5%

      35.

      8431

      Parts and components for manufacture of tunnel boring machines with actual-user condition IT,

      Nil

      2.5%

       

       

       

      Electronics and Renewable

       

       

      36.

      8544 (other

      than 8544 70

      and 8544 30

      00)

      Specified insulated wires and cables

      7.5%

      10%

      37.

      39, 74 and

      85

      Former, bases, bobbins, brackets; CP wires; P.B.T.; Phenol resin moulding powder; Lamination/ El silicon steel strips for use in manufacture of transformers (entry at S.No. 198 of 25/1999- Customs)

      Nil

      Applica ble rate

      38.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      39.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of camera module of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      40.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of connectors of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      41.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material for manufacture of specified parts like back cover, side keys etc. of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      42.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material (other than PCBA and moulded plastics) for manufacture of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      43.

      8504 90 90

      or

      3926 90 99

      Moulded plastics for manufacture of charger or adapter

      10%

      15%

      44.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Printed Circuit Board Assembly of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      45.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Moulded Plastic of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      46.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials (other than Lithium-ion cell and PCBA) of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      47.

      Any Chapter

      Parts or components of PCBA of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      48.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials of following goods: -

      1. Other machines capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network (8443 32 90)
      2. Ink cartridges, with print head assembly (8443 99 51)
      3. Ink cartridges, without print head assembly (8443 99 52)

      (iv)Ink spray nozzle (8443 99 53) (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      49.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs and parts of LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      50.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs for use in the manufacture of LED driver or MCPCB (Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) for LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      51.

      9405 50 40

      Solar lanterns or solar lamps

      5%

      15%

      52.

      8504 40

      Solar Inverters

      5%

      20%

      53.

      9503

      Parts of Electronic Toys for manufacture of electronic toys Aviation Sector

      5%

      15%

      54.

      Any Chapter

      Components or parts, including engines, for manufacture of aircrafts or parts of such aircrafts, by Public Sector Units under Ministry of Defence subject to condition specified.

      Medical devices

      2.5%

      0%

       

      55.

      9018-9022

      Medical Devices imported by International Organization and Diplomatic Missions

      Health Cess @ 5%

      Health Cess @ Nil

        

      Goods imported under Project Import Scheme

        

      56.

      9801

      High Speed Rail Projects being brought under project imports

      Applicable Rate

      5%

      57.

      8714 91 00,

      8714 92,

      8714 93,

      8714 94 00,

      8714 95,

      8714 96 00,

      8714 99

      All goods other than Bicycle parts and components

      10%

      15%

      * Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess

       


       

      Full Text:

      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax