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    Confiscation under CGST Act: Invoking Section 130 CGST Act
    Case LawsIndian Laws
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    NewsBills
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    Interim Board for Settlement to replace Settlement Commission and assume pending central excise case disposal powers.
    The Finance Bill establishes one or more Interim Boards for Settlement to take over processing of pending applications from the stage they stood before constitution, replaces references to the Settlement Commission with Interim Boards, transfers the Commission's powers and functions to the Interim Boards for specified provisions, bars new applications under the relevant application provision after the appointed date, provides that the existing Settlement Commission will cease to operate from the appointed date, and allows an Interim Board, within three months of constitution, to extend disposal time for pending matters by up to twelve months with written reasons.
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    Retrospective exemption for reinsurance services under crop insurance schemes removes prior service tax liability for those services.
    A retrospective exemption is proposed for services provided or agreed to be provided by insurance companies by way of reinsurance services under the Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS), treating such reinsurance services as exempt from service tax for the period commencing 1 April 2011 and ending 30 June 2017, thereby adjusting past tax liability and compliance positions for insurers and reinsurers.
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    Input tax credit distribution expanded to cover interstate reverse-charge supplies with revised ITC reporting and return rules.
    Amendments permit Input Service Distributors to distribute input tax credit for interstate reverse-charge supplies, adjust ITC statement and return provisions by removing "auto generated" phrasing and enabling additional prescribed details and filing conditions, and require reversal of corresponding ITC where a credit-note reduces a supplier's liability; they add definitions for local/municipal funds and Unique Identification Marking to enable a Track and Trace Mechanism, insert an enabling Track and Trace provision with penalties, amend Schedule III treatment for certain SEZ/FTWZ supplies with no refunds, and impose mandatory pre-deposit of penalty amounts in specified appeals.
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    Section 130 CGST: direct invocation permitted only with recorded reasons and material proving intent to evade tax.
    Section 129 pertains to goods in transit, while Section 130 has broader scope allowing direct invocation where material shows a clear intent to evade tax; such direct action requires specific, recorded reasons based on material, an adequate show-cause notice that sets out those reasons, and compliance with prescribed formalities so that authorities do not base confiscation on conclusions absent from the notice.
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    Rebuttable presumption under the Negotiable Instruments Act: burden can be discharged on preponderance of probabilities by accused.
    The court holds that the statutory presumption in favour of the cheque holder is rebuttable and may be displaced by the drawer upon adducing evidence which, on the preponderance of probabilities, shows the cheque was not issued for a legally recoverable debt; inconsistencies in the holder's case, absence of supporting financial records, and unexplained issuance circumstances are salient in assessing rebuttal.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
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    Condonation of delay: equitable consideration where bona fide technical failures and professional disruptions impede tax filing.
    Condonation of short delays in filing income tax returns must be governed by principles of equity and fairness, with bona fide explanations such as portal technical failures and unforeseeable disruptions at a chartered accountant's premises meriting empathetic, case sensitive assessment rather than mechanical rejection. Where assessees rely on professional intermediaries, corroborative evidence of genuine operational impediments is a relevant consideration in exercising discretionary condonation to facilitate compliance objectives.
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    Pre-deposit requirement: GSTN portal payment records can establish compliance, requiring authorities to permit clarification and supporting proof.
    System-generated GSTN records - including the appeal memorandum, electronic ledger payment screenshots and provisional acknowledgment - can suffice to demonstrate compliance with the pre-deposit requirement, and GSTN portal registration may establish an authorized signatory; where doubts exist the Appellate Authority must afford an opportunity to clarify and permit production of supporting board resolutions or powers of attorney.
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    Natural justice breached where appeal was dismissed for signatory authority without opportunity to respond; hearing and reasoned reconsideration required.
    Dismissal of a tax appeal solely for lack of authority of the signatory, without calling on the appellant to clarify or providing verification, breaches the principle of natural justice. Doubts about signatory authority require an opportunity to explain; decision-making must produce a reasoned order addressing submissions, provide advance notice of personal hearing, and disclose any external orders or judgments relied upon to enable the appellant to respond.
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    Inordinate delay in adjudication: unexplained delays undermine natural justice and invalidate further administrative steps.
    The challenge contested whether inordinate and unexplained delay in adjudication violated the principles of natural justice, causing serious prejudice by impairing the petitioner's ability to defend. The court found the respondents' explanations-frequent changes in adjudicating officers and accommodation of co-noticees-insufficient, applied precedent that excessive unexplained delay vitiates proceedings, and emphasized the duty of authorities to conduct timely adjudication or supply adequate justification for delay.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
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    Disallowance of expenditure related to exempt income: apportionment required and actual exempt income is a prerequisite.
    Disallowance of expenditure relating to exempt income requires identification and apportionment of expenses attributable to non taxable receipts; only expenditure expended to earn taxable income may be claimed. Courts interpret "in relation to" expansively and reject reliance on the spender's dominant purpose. The existence of actual exempt income is necessary to invoke the disallowance rule, and post enactment explanatory amendments that alter prior law are not retrospective.
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    Proceeds of crime: pre-existing property cannot be provisionally attached absent equivalent-value connection under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act.
    Provisional attachment under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act requires a reasonable nexus between the attached property and the alleged criminal activity; only property derived from criminal activity, the value of such property, or equivalent-value property held domestically qualifies. Pre-existing immovable assets purchased before the scheduled offence cannot be attached absent qualification as equivalent-value property, whereas challenges to movable asset attachments are to be pursued through available remedies.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
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    Make available requirement for technical services prevents taxation where consultancy did not transfer technical knowledge, preserving source-based taxation.
    The fees did not qualify as Fees for Technical Services because the make available condition-requiring transfer, transmission or enablement of technical knowledge-was not met; the domestic exception for services utilized to earn income from a source outside India applied since the services related to tournaments held abroad, and income attributable to any Service Permanent Establishment is taxable under the DTAA business profits regime.
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    Reasons to believe requirement in customs seizures: judicial review limits fact-finding and adjudication must address documentation and recordal of reasons.
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    Deductibility under Section 80P(2)(d): interest from co operative bank deposits may qualify if linked to primary co operative activity.
    Interest earned by credit co-operative societies from deposits with co-operative banks is examined for eligibility under Section 80P(2)(d), focusing on whether such receipts bear the requisite nexus to the societies' primary credit-providing activities and on the statutory meaning of co-operative bank as interpreted in judicial precedents that have largely favoured allowance of the deduction.
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    Mandatory Draft Assessment Order under Section 144C preserves DRP review and invalidates final assessments issued without it.
    Section 144C establishes a self-contained, multi-tiered assessment regime for international-transaction assessees in which the Dispute Resolution Panel exercises independent, enhanced review distinct from Section 144B. Framing the draft assessment order is an integral statutory step that preserves the assessee's right to challenge proposed findings; omission of that draft-stage procedure is therefore a substantive breach of the Section 144C code rather than a mere procedural irregularity. Remand under Section 153(6) does not revive assessments once the limitation periods in sub-sections (3) and (4) of Section 153 have expired.
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    Prospective application of tax amendment preserves taxpayer expectations and limits disallowance of expenses to stated effective years.
    The issue is whether the Explanation to Section 14A introduced by the Finance Act, 2022 applies retrospectively or prospectively, particularly for assessment years where no exempt income arose. The Court analysed the Memorandum to the Finance Bill, relevant precedents, and the principle that tax laws altering existing legal positions are not to be given retrospective effect unless expressly or necessarily implied. It concluded the Explanation must operate prospectively from the effective date stated in the Memorandum, maintaining taxpayer expectations and legal certainty.
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    Taxation of Royalties: domestic law amendments cannot override DTAA interpretation; telecommunication payments not royalties.
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    Fe content on WMT basis determines export duty, lowering the applicable rate and enabling recovery of excess duty paid.
    Assessment of iron ore export duty requires computation of Fe on a Wet Metric Ton basis by deducting moisture using the formula Iron content (as received) = Fe x (100 - M) / 100. Applying this WMT calculation against the customs notification framework that prescribes duty rates tied to measured Fe percentage results in a lower duty classification and a corresponding right to recover any excess duty paid when the measured Fe falls below the specified threshold.
    Case LawsGST
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    Service of show cause notice: ensure proper notice and opportunity before tax orders; fresh notice and reasoned hearing required.
    Proper service and transparent consideration of assessee replies are procedural prerequisites before passing tax assessment orders. Where portal non-reflection of notices and uncertainty about consideration of replies arises, the assessee is entitled to benefit of doubt. The court required that the impugned order be treated as a notice for filing a written reply within a short period, directed issuance of a fresh notice in the prescribed manner with a clear minimum notice period, mandated the assessee's appearance, and obliged the assessing officer to pass a reasoned and speaking order within a defined timeframe after valid service.

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      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      1 February, 2021

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      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      S. No

      Chapter, Heading, sub- heading, tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

       

       

      Agricultural Products and By Products

       

       

      1.

      2207 20 00

      Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol) for use in manufacture of excisable goods

      2.5%

      5%

      2.

      23

      All goods except dog and cat food and shrimp larvae feed

      Nil/ 5%/

      10%/

      15%/

      20%/

      30%

      15%

       

       

      Minerals

       

       

      3.

      2528

      Natural borates and concentrates thereof

      Nil/5%

      2.5%

        

      Fuels, Chemicals and Plastics

        

      3.

      2710

      Naphtha

      4%

      2.5%

      5.

      2907 23 00

      Bis-phenol A

      Nil

      7.5%

      6.

      2910 30 00

      Epichlorohydrin

      2.5%

      7.5%

      7.

      2933 71 00

      Caprolactam

      7.5%

      5%

      8.

      3907 40 00

      Polycarbonates

      5%

      7.5%

      9.

      3908

      Nylon chips

      7.5%

      5%

      10.

      3920 99 99

      Other plates, sheets, films, etc. of other plastics

      10%

      15%

        

      Leather

        

      11

      41

      Wet blue chrome tanned leather, crust leather, finished leather of all kinds, including splits and sides of the aforesaid

      Nil

      10%

        

      Textiles

        

      12.

      5002

      Raw Silk (not thrown)

      10%

      15%

      13.

      5004, 5005,

      5006

      Silk yarn, yarn spun from silk waste (whether or not put up for retail sale)

      10%

      15%

      14.

      5201

      Raw Cotton

      Nil

      5% +

      5% AIDC*

      15.

      5202

      Cotton waste (including yarn waste or garneted stock)

      Nil

      10%

      16.

      5402, 5403,

      5404, 5405

      00 00, 5406,

      5501 to 5510

      Nylon Fibre and Yarn

      7.5%

      5%

        

      Gems and Jewellery Sector

        

      17.

      7106

      Silver

      12.5.%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      18.

      7106

      Silver Dore

      11%

      6.1% +

      2.5%

      AIDC*

      19.

      7108

      Gold

      12.5%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      20.

      7108

      Gold Dore

      11.85%

      6.9%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      21.

      7107 00 00,

      7109 00 00,

      7111 00 00

      Base metals or precious metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      22.

      7110

      Other precious metals like Platinum, Palladium, etc.

      12.5%

      10%

      23.

      7112

      Waste and scrap of precious metals or metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      24.

      7112

      Spent catalyst or ash containing precious metals

      11.85%

      9.17%

      25.

      7113

      Gold or Silver Findings

      20%

      10%

      26.

      7118

      Coin

      12.5%

      10%

       

       

      Metals

       

       

      27.

      7204

      Iron and steel scrap, including stainless steel scrap [up to 31.03.2022]

      2.5%

      Nil

      28.

      7206 and

      7207

      Primary/Semi-finished products of non-alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      29.

      7208, 7209,

      7210, 7211,

      7212, 7225

      (except 7225

      11 00) and

      7226 (except

      7226 11 00)

      Flat products of non-alloy and alloy steel

      10%

      /12.5%

      7.5%

      30.

      7213, 7214,

      7215, 7216,

      7217, 7221,

      7222, 7223,

      7227 and

      7228

      Long product of non-alloy, stainless and alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      31.

      7225

      Raw materials for use in manufacture of CRGO steel [up to 31.03.2023]

      2.5%

      Nil

      32.

      7404

      Copper Scrap

      5%

      2.5%

      33.

      7318

      Screw, bolts, nuts, etc. of iron and steel

      10%

      15%

       

       

      Capital Goods

       

       

      34.

      8430

      Tunnel boring machines

      Nil

      7.5%

      35.

      8431

      Parts and components for manufacture of tunnel boring machines with actual-user condition IT,

      Nil

      2.5%

       

       

       

      Electronics and Renewable

       

       

      36.

      8544 (other

      than 8544 70

      and 8544 30

      00)

      Specified insulated wires and cables

      7.5%

      10%

      37.

      39, 74 and

      85

      Former, bases, bobbins, brackets; CP wires; P.B.T.; Phenol resin moulding powder; Lamination/ El silicon steel strips for use in manufacture of transformers (entry at S.No. 198 of 25/1999- Customs)

      Nil

      Applica ble rate

      38.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      39.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of camera module of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      40.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of connectors of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      41.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material for manufacture of specified parts like back cover, side keys etc. of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      42.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material (other than PCBA and moulded plastics) for manufacture of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      43.

      8504 90 90

      or

      3926 90 99

      Moulded plastics for manufacture of charger or adapter

      10%

      15%

      44.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Printed Circuit Board Assembly of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      45.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Moulded Plastic of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      46.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials (other than Lithium-ion cell and PCBA) of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      47.

      Any Chapter

      Parts or components of PCBA of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      48.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials of following goods: -

      1. Other machines capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network (8443 32 90)
      2. Ink cartridges, with print head assembly (8443 99 51)
      3. Ink cartridges, without print head assembly (8443 99 52)

      (iv)Ink spray nozzle (8443 99 53) (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      49.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs and parts of LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      50.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs for use in the manufacture of LED driver or MCPCB (Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) for LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      51.

      9405 50 40

      Solar lanterns or solar lamps

      5%

      15%

      52.

      8504 40

      Solar Inverters

      5%

      20%

      53.

      9503

      Parts of Electronic Toys for manufacture of electronic toys Aviation Sector

      5%

      15%

      54.

      Any Chapter

      Components or parts, including engines, for manufacture of aircrafts or parts of such aircrafts, by Public Sector Units under Ministry of Defence subject to condition specified.

      Medical devices

      2.5%

      0%

       

      55.

      9018-9022

      Medical Devices imported by International Organization and Diplomatic Missions

      Health Cess @ 5%

      Health Cess @ Nil

        

      Goods imported under Project Import Scheme

        

      56.

      9801

      High Speed Rail Projects being brought under project imports

      Applicable Rate

      5%

      57.

      8714 91 00,

      8714 92,

      8714 93,

      8714 94 00,

      8714 95,

      8714 96 00,

      8714 99

      All goods other than Bicycle parts and components

      10%

      15%

      * Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess

       


       

      Full Text:

      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax