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    Taxation of Interest Income for Financial Institutions: Clause 56 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Secti...
    Taxation of insurance businesses: Clause 55 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Section 44 of the Incom...
    Evolution of Tax Provisions for Trade and Professional Associations: Clause 50 of the Income Tax Bil...
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    Complexities of Tax Deductions - requiring actual payment for certain deductions: Clause 37 of the I...
    Tax on Foreign Currency Transactions: Clause 43 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Section 43AA of Income-...
    Treatment of foreign exchange fluctuations in tax law: Clause 42 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Sectio...
    Amortisation of Expenditure for Prospecting Certain Minerals: Clause 51 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025...
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    Calculation of the written down value (WDV): Clause 41 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Section 43 of In...
    The Evolution of Asset Cost Computation in Business Income Head: Clause 39 of the Income Tax Bill, 2...
    Modernizing Definitions of various terms related to Business Income: Clause 66 of the Income Tax Bil...
    Deemed profits and gains of business or profession: Clause 38 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Section 4...
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    Understanding various Deductions from Business Income: Clause 32 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Se...
    Tax Compliance and Non-Deductibility of certain expenditure: Clause 35 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 ...
    Building, etc., partly used for business, etc., or not exclusively so used: Clauses 28 and 33 of the...
    The Evolution of Business Expenditure Deductions: Insights from Clause 34 of the Income Tax Bill, 20...
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    Act RulesBills
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    Taxation of interest income: interest on bad or doubtful debts is taxable when credited or received, whichever is earlier.
    Clause 56 makes interest income on bad or doubtful debts of specified financial institutions taxable in the year it is credited to the profit and loss account or actually received, whichever is earlier, defines specified institutions to include public financial institutions, scheduled and certain cooperative banks, State Financial Corporations, State Industrial Investment Corporations and notified NBFCs, and links the classification of bad or doubtful debts to categories prescribed under Reserve Bank of India guidelines.
    Act RulesBills
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    Insurance business taxation uses a new dedicated schedule, changing computation and overriding conflicting provisions sector.
    A distinct, self contained computation regime requires insurers, including mutual insurance companies and co operative societies, to compute profits and gains using a designated industry specific schedule; this regime expressly overrides general provisions to provide a uniform, tailored method that aligns tax accounting with insurance operations and streamlines compliance and administration.
    Act RulesBills
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    Deductions for trade associations enable relief for member contribution shortfalls under a new statutory provision and prioritize loss carryforward.
    Clause 50 permits a special deduction for specified trade, professional or similar associations when member-derived income is less than expenditure for members' common interests. The deduction is capped at fifty percent of total income before deduction and is available only after applying carry forward and set off provisions. Income includes subscriptions but excludes specified service remuneration; expenditure excludes capital and other deductible expenses. Eligibility is narrowed by exclusions in Schedule III and by restrictions on income distribution to members, and substantiation through accurate records is required.
    Act RulesBills
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    Full value of consideration deemed as stamp duty value where declared consideration is lower, affecting business income taxation.
    Clause 53 deems the stamp duty value to be the full value of consideration for transfers of land or buildings when stamp duty value exceeds declared consideration, subject to exceptions where the stamp duty value falls within a prescribed margin above consideration, allowance for stamp duty value as of the agreement date when agreement and registration dates differ, conditions tied to receipt of consideration through prescribed banking or electronic modes before the agreement date, and reference to statutory value-determination rules.
    Act RulesBills
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    Cost of acquisition rules align transferee basis with transferor cost, including improvements and transfer expenditures to ensure tax consistency.
    Special provisions set the transferee's cost of acquisition equal to the transferor's cost, include improvements and expenditures wholly and exclusively incurred in connection with the transfer, and require recordkeeping; Clause 40 expressly excludes assets under section 67(6), while Section 43C similarly treats improvements and transfer expenditures with an explicit reference to gift-tax and a historical temporal application.
    Act RulesBills
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    Actual payment requirement for tax deductions: only payments made qualify, with specific rules protecting small suppliers.
    Specified deductions are allowable only in the year when actual payment is made, irrespective of accounting method or liability year. Deductible items include taxes, employer welfare fund contributions, leave payments, interest to defined financial entities, payments for asset use, and delayed payments to micro and small enterprises. Payments made after the year-end but before return filing remain deductible; conversions of interest into loans are not treated as payment. Employer contributions are eligible while employee receipts are excluded, and a deduction already claimed in the liability year cannot be claimed again when paid.
    Act RulesBills
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    Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation standardizes treatment of gains and losses under updated income computation standards.
    Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation treats gains or losses from changes in foreign exchange rates on foreign currency transactions as taxable income or loss, to be computed under the income computation and disclosure standards referenced in clause 276(2), and applies to monetary and non monetary items, translation of foreign operations' financial statements, forward exchange contracts, and foreign currency translation reserves.
    Act RulesBills
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    Foreign exchange fluctuation capitalisation changes asset cost computation, requiring exchange rate variations to be added to or deducted from acquisition cost.
    Clause 42 requires capitalization of foreign exchange fluctuations into the cost of assets: an overriding rule mandates accounting for exchange rate variations; the variation is computed as the amount paid in domestic currency less the liability at acquisition; that variation is added to or deducted from the asset's actual cost; where contracts with authorised dealers exist, the contract exchange rate governs measurement, and foreign exchange law is incorporated for definitions and consistency.
    Act RulesBills
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    Amortisation of expenditure allows staged tax deduction for mineral prospecting expenses with carry-forward and anti-double-deduction safeguards.
    Clause 51 establishes a regime permitting amortisation of qualifying prospecting and mine-development expenses for Indian companies and resident individuals by allowing an annual deduction of one-tenth of the specified expenditure over ten tax years from the year of commercial production. It limits eligible expenditure to amounts incurred in the year of commercial production and the four preceding years, excludes acquisition costs of mineral sites and depreciable capital assets, bars double claims under other provisions, permits carry-forward within the ten-year ceiling, and requires audited accounts for non-corporate claimants.
    Act RulesBills
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    Deductions for oil exploration clarify eligibility, government agreements and transfer treatment under new tax clause.
    Clause 54 establishes a tax framework for prospecting for mineral oils by permitting deductions for pre commercial production expenses and depletion of mineral oil, defining specified oil exploration business and including petroleum and natural gas as mineral oil, and requiring agreements with the Central Government to be laid before Parliament. It prescribes deduction interplay with other allowances and specifies tax treatment on business transfers, cessation during transfer year, and applicability on amalgamation or demerger.
    Act RulesBills
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    Written down value reforms standardize WDV computation and clarify depreciation and block asset adjustments under the new tax provision.
    Clause 41 prescribes a standardized method for computing the written down value of depreciable assets: assets acquired in the tax year are valued at actual cost; earlier-acquired assets at cost less depreciation allowed; blocks of assets by the formula [(A-D)+B-C]-E; carried-forward depreciation is deemed allowed; adjustments are required for years where total income was not computed; mixed agriculture-business income is treated as business for depreciation; and the term "sold" is referenced to the Act for consistency.
    Act RulesBills
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    Computation of actual cost updated to exclude subsidies and non-banking payments, tightening asset valuation for tax purposes.
    Clause 39 redefines actual cost for depreciation by reducing asset cost for amounts met by others, GST credits, additional duties and subsidies; excluding certain non-banking payments; providing a formula for indirect subsidy apportionment; specifying treatment in amalgamation, demerger and asset conversion; empowering assessing officers with supervisory approval to determine cost in avoidance cases; and defining special acquisition modes for transfer clarity.
    Act RulesBills
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    Modernizing business income definitions clarifies taxable profit scope and aligns terms with contemporary financial instruments.
    Clause 66 revises key definitions for computing income under Profits and Gains of Business or Profession, broadening terms like agreement, specifying classifications for banking and housing finance companies, updating the scope of plant, refining fees for technical services, and narrowing the definition of speculative transactions with exceptions for bona fide hedging and specified derivatives; these updates modernise earlier Section 43 concepts to align with electronic payment modes, contemporary derivatives, and non cash considerations to reduce ambiguity in tax assessments.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Deemed business income: expanded scope taxes benefits from remission, asset disposals and successors' receipts under new Clause 38.
    Clause 38 deems specified sums as profits and gains of business or profession where deductions or allowances were earlier claimed, covering cessation or remission of trading liabilities, excess proceeds on disposal of assets over written down value, sale of research capital assets, recovery of bad debts, and withdrawals from special reserves; it conditions taxability on prior allowance, permits loss set off for ceased businesses, defines key terms and extends liability to successors and post cessation situations.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Non-deductibility of excessive payments: reinforces banking-mode payment rules and limits unreasonable related-party deductions.
    Clause 36 empowers disallowance of deductions for payments deemed excessive or unreasonable to specified persons by reference to fair market value and business need, treats related disallowed deductions as income where previously claimed, and conditions deductibility on payments above prescribed thresholds being made through specified banking or online channels while providing limited exceptions for business expediency.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Business deductions clarify allowable expenses, limiting interest capitalization and setting conditions for reserves and bond discounting.
    Clause 32 specifies allowable business deductions including bona fide bonuses or commissions, capitalization of interest until asset use, pro rata discount deduction for zero coupon bonds, conditional deductions for contributions to credit guarantee funds and statutory corporation expenditures, limits on special reserves for financial entities, deduction of marked to market losses under prescribed standards, phased family planning capital deductions, agricultural purchase deductions within government price limits, animal loss adjustments, and transaction tax deductions where trading forms part of business income.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Non-deductibility of expenses: new clause tightens TDS compliance, equalisation levy and partnership deduction limits.
    Clause 35 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 prescribes categories of business or professional expenditures that are non-deductible, confirming taxes on income and related imposts are not deductible, disallowing deductions where TDS was not deducted or paid (subject to later allowance upon payment), denying deduction for cross-border salary payments lacking TDS compliance, treating equalisation levy and state-imposed charges as non-deductible, and conditioning deductions in partnerships and associations on authorization and prescribed limits to reinforce compliance and prevent tax avoidance.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Apportionment of deductions clarifies business use limits and streamlines depreciation rules under the new income tax framework.
    Clause 28 limits deductions for rent, local taxes, insurance and repairs to amounts wholly and exclusively for business use and permits apportionment by the Assessing Officer where use is mixed; Clause 33 creates a structured depreciation regime for tangible and intangible assets (excluding goodwill) including block of asset calculations, special provisions for new machinery and power generation assets, short use treatment, and rules on successor transactions.
    Act RulesBills
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    Business expenditure deductions: exclusions tightened to bar CSR, political ads, and payments tied to unlawful conduct.
    Clause 34 requires that only expenditures incurred wholly and exclusively for business purposes, not of a capital or personal nature and not falling within specified exclusions, are deductible. It expressly disallows deductions for expenditures linked to offenses or prohibited activities, corporate social responsibility obligations, and political-advertisement costs, and clarifies that benefits, perquisites, compounding payments, and settlements related to unlawful conduct are non-deductible.
    Act RulesBills
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    Business income deductions clarified and modernized, expanding allowable items and tightening conditions for claiming them.
    Clause 32 prescribes a list of allowable other deductions for business income computation, covering employee bonuses and commissions, interest on borrowed capital (with exclusions until assets are in use), contributions to specified credit guarantee funds, pro rata discount on zero coupon instruments, amounts carried to special reserves by defined financial entities, non-capital expenditure by notified statutory corporations, cooperative society purchase expenditure, marked to market or expected losses, family planning expenditures by companies, cost of animals used in business adjusted for carcass receipts, and transaction taxes where income is included in business profits.

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      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      1 February, 2021

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      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      S. No

      Chapter, Heading, sub- heading, tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

       

       

      Agricultural Products and By Products

       

       

      1.

      2207 20 00

      Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol) for use in manufacture of excisable goods

      2.5%

      5%

      2.

      23

      All goods except dog and cat food and shrimp larvae feed

      Nil/ 5%/

      10%/

      15%/

      20%/

      30%

      15%

       

       

      Minerals

       

       

      3.

      2528

      Natural borates and concentrates thereof

      Nil/5%

      2.5%

        

      Fuels, Chemicals and Plastics

        

      3.

      2710

      Naphtha

      4%

      2.5%

      5.

      2907 23 00

      Bis-phenol A

      Nil

      7.5%

      6.

      2910 30 00

      Epichlorohydrin

      2.5%

      7.5%

      7.

      2933 71 00

      Caprolactam

      7.5%

      5%

      8.

      3907 40 00

      Polycarbonates

      5%

      7.5%

      9.

      3908

      Nylon chips

      7.5%

      5%

      10.

      3920 99 99

      Other plates, sheets, films, etc. of other plastics

      10%

      15%

        

      Leather

        

      11

      41

      Wet blue chrome tanned leather, crust leather, finished leather of all kinds, including splits and sides of the aforesaid

      Nil

      10%

        

      Textiles

        

      12.

      5002

      Raw Silk (not thrown)

      10%

      15%

      13.

      5004, 5005,

      5006

      Silk yarn, yarn spun from silk waste (whether or not put up for retail sale)

      10%

      15%

      14.

      5201

      Raw Cotton

      Nil

      5% +

      5% AIDC*

      15.

      5202

      Cotton waste (including yarn waste or garneted stock)

      Nil

      10%

      16.

      5402, 5403,

      5404, 5405

      00 00, 5406,

      5501 to 5510

      Nylon Fibre and Yarn

      7.5%

      5%

        

      Gems and Jewellery Sector

        

      17.

      7106

      Silver

      12.5.%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      18.

      7106

      Silver Dore

      11%

      6.1% +

      2.5%

      AIDC*

      19.

      7108

      Gold

      12.5%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      20.

      7108

      Gold Dore

      11.85%

      6.9%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      21.

      7107 00 00,

      7109 00 00,

      7111 00 00

      Base metals or precious metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      22.

      7110

      Other precious metals like Platinum, Palladium, etc.

      12.5%

      10%

      23.

      7112

      Waste and scrap of precious metals or metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      24.

      7112

      Spent catalyst or ash containing precious metals

      11.85%

      9.17%

      25.

      7113

      Gold or Silver Findings

      20%

      10%

      26.

      7118

      Coin

      12.5%

      10%

       

       

      Metals

       

       

      27.

      7204

      Iron and steel scrap, including stainless steel scrap [up to 31.03.2022]

      2.5%

      Nil

      28.

      7206 and

      7207

      Primary/Semi-finished products of non-alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      29.

      7208, 7209,

      7210, 7211,

      7212, 7225

      (except 7225

      11 00) and

      7226 (except

      7226 11 00)

      Flat products of non-alloy and alloy steel

      10%

      /12.5%

      7.5%

      30.

      7213, 7214,

      7215, 7216,

      7217, 7221,

      7222, 7223,

      7227 and

      7228

      Long product of non-alloy, stainless and alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      31.

      7225

      Raw materials for use in manufacture of CRGO steel [up to 31.03.2023]

      2.5%

      Nil

      32.

      7404

      Copper Scrap

      5%

      2.5%

      33.

      7318

      Screw, bolts, nuts, etc. of iron and steel

      10%

      15%

       

       

      Capital Goods

       

       

      34.

      8430

      Tunnel boring machines

      Nil

      7.5%

      35.

      8431

      Parts and components for manufacture of tunnel boring machines with actual-user condition IT,

      Nil

      2.5%

       

       

       

      Electronics and Renewable

       

       

      36.

      8544 (other

      than 8544 70

      and 8544 30

      00)

      Specified insulated wires and cables

      7.5%

      10%

      37.

      39, 74 and

      85

      Former, bases, bobbins, brackets; CP wires; P.B.T.; Phenol resin moulding powder; Lamination/ El silicon steel strips for use in manufacture of transformers (entry at S.No. 198 of 25/1999- Customs)

      Nil

      Applica ble rate

      38.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      39.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of camera module of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      40.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of connectors of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      41.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material for manufacture of specified parts like back cover, side keys etc. of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      42.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material (other than PCBA and moulded plastics) for manufacture of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      43.

      8504 90 90

      or

      3926 90 99

      Moulded plastics for manufacture of charger or adapter

      10%

      15%

      44.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Printed Circuit Board Assembly of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      45.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Moulded Plastic of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      46.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials (other than Lithium-ion cell and PCBA) of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      47.

      Any Chapter

      Parts or components of PCBA of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      48.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials of following goods: -

      1. Other machines capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network (8443 32 90)
      2. Ink cartridges, with print head assembly (8443 99 51)
      3. Ink cartridges, without print head assembly (8443 99 52)

      (iv)Ink spray nozzle (8443 99 53) (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      49.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs and parts of LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      50.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs for use in the manufacture of LED driver or MCPCB (Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) for LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      51.

      9405 50 40

      Solar lanterns or solar lamps

      5%

      15%

      52.

      8504 40

      Solar Inverters

      5%

      20%

      53.

      9503

      Parts of Electronic Toys for manufacture of electronic toys Aviation Sector

      5%

      15%

      54.

      Any Chapter

      Components or parts, including engines, for manufacture of aircrafts or parts of such aircrafts, by Public Sector Units under Ministry of Defence subject to condition specified.

      Medical devices

      2.5%

      0%

       

      55.

      9018-9022

      Medical Devices imported by International Organization and Diplomatic Missions

      Health Cess @ 5%

      Health Cess @ Nil

        

      Goods imported under Project Import Scheme

        

      56.

      9801

      High Speed Rail Projects being brought under project imports

      Applicable Rate

      5%

      57.

      8714 91 00,

      8714 92,

      8714 93,

      8714 94 00,

      8714 95,

      8714 96 00,

      8714 99

      All goods other than Bicycle parts and components

      10%

      15%

      * Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess

       


       

      Full Text:

      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax