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    Role of the Transfer Pricing Officer in Ensuring Arm’s Length Compliance : Clause 166 of the Incom...
    Reframing Arm's Length Pricing in India's Evolving Transfer Pricing Regime : Clause 165 of the Incom...
    Meaning of Specified Domestic Transactions under Clause 164 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 92B...
    Meaning of International Transaction : Clause 163 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 92B of th...
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Remuneration and interest received by an individual partner from a partnership firm can be subjected...
    Meaning of Associates Enterprise under Clause 162 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 92A of th...
    Computation of income arising from international transactions and specified domestic transactions : ...
    Future of Unilateral Agreement relief in India : Clause 160 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section...
    Streamlining Double Taxation Relief and International Tax Agreements : Clause 159 of Income Tax Bill...
    Comprehensive Reform in International Taxation and Treaty Implementation : Clause 159 of Income Tax ...
    Addressing Cross-Border Taxation of Foreign Retirement Benefits : Clause 158 of Income Tax Bill, 202...
    Continuity and Reform in Tax Relief for Irregular Income : Clause 157 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 V...
    Constitutional Limits on GST: Principle of mutuality insulates transactions between clubs/associatio...
    Relief to resident individual taxpayers with lower and middle incomes by reducing their effective ta...
    The Structure and Implications of Income Tax Rebates : Clause 155 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. S...
    Analyzing the Tax Treatment of Collective Entities under Clause 310 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Sec...
    Tax Deductions for Persons with Disabilities : Clause 154 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Section 8...
    Statutory deduction for interest income derived from deposits : Clause 153 of the Income Tax Bill, 2...
    Patent Royalty Deduction Scheme to Boost Innovation and R&D in India : Clause 152 of the Income Tax ...
    Incentivize and support authors by providing a tax deduction on royalty and copyright income : Claus...
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    Act RulesBills
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    Arm's length pricing: multi year ALP option expands certainty and permits roll forward of transfer pricing determinations.
    Clause 166 authorises the Assessing Officer to refer international and specified domestic related party transactions to a Transfer Pricing Officer for determination of the arm's length price, subject to prior approval; mandates notice, hearing, prescribed transfer pricing methods, and communication of the TPO order to AO and assessee; empowers the TPO to examine unreported transactions and to validate a taxpayer's option to apply a determined ALP to similar subsequent years, with rectification powers and corresponding AO amendment obligations, and permits issuance of Board guidelines to implement the multi year regime.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Arm's length price determination: new clause refines methods and AO powers, emphasizing documentation and prescribed procedures.
    Determination of Arm's Length Price requires selecting the most appropriate method from prescribed alternatives based on the transaction's nature, associated enterprise class, and functional analysis; where a single comparable price is found it is the arm's length price subject to a prescribed tolerance, while multiple prices must be reconciled in a prescribed manner. The tax authority may determine ALP during assessment if methods were not followed or documentation is inadequate, but must issue a show cause notice before adjustment; adjustments permit recomputation of total income and restrict deductions on enhanced income, with safeguards to prevent double adjustment.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Specified domestic transaction: extending transfer pricing to high-value related-party domestic dealings, subject to arm's length compliance.
    Clause 164 defines specified domestic transaction by enumerating categories of non-international related-party dealings brought under transfer pricing when aggregate annual value exceeds a high-value threshold, includes a residual prescription power to notify additional transactions, and requires contemporaneous documentation and benchmarking to ensure compliance with the arm's length principle.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    International transaction scope expanded broadens transfer pricing coverage to intangibles and indirect dealings, including restructuring and financing arrangements.
    Clause 163 defines international transaction expansively to include tangible and intangible property (expressly including transfer), capital financing, services, business restructuring, cost sharing and any transaction affecting profits, income, losses or assets; it reproduces an illustrative list of intangibles and contains a deeming rule treating dealings with third parties as international transactions where terms are determined with or pursuant to an associated enterprise, thereby widening transfer pricing coverage and anti avoidance reach.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Presumptive taxation: partner remuneration and interest cannot be treated as individual business turnover for presumptive tax purposes.
    Section 44AD applies only where the assessee carries on an eligible business and has actual turnover or gross receipts attributable to that assessee. Remuneration and interest paid by a partnership firm to a partner arise from the firm's accounts and partnership agreement; although Section 28(v) taxes such receipts in the hands of the partner, that deeming does not convert them into the partner's turnover or gross receipts for Section 44AD. Section 40(b) governs firm deductibility but does not create an independent business activity in the partner; hence such receipts cannot be subjected to Section 44AD presumptive taxation.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Associated enterprise definition expands transfer pricing scope to include specified domestic transactions and indirect control.
    Clause 162 defines associated enterprise through a general limb covering direct or indirect participation in management, control or capital and a list of deeming provisions-equity thresholds, significant loans and guarantees, board control, dependence on intangibles, supply and sales dependence, and familial/HUF control-while expressly extending the concept to specified domestic transactions and retaining prescribed catch-all and subjective influence tests that may require further guidance.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Arm's length price requirement drives transfer pricing adjustments to prevent profit shifting and protect the tax base.
    Clause 161 mandates computation of income and the allowance of expenses or interest for international and specified domestic transactions among associated enterprises with reference to the arm's length price, requires arm's length allocation for shared costs or services, and prohibits transfer pricing adjustments that would reduce taxable income or increase losses, thereby strengthening scrutiny of intra group cost allocations and deductions to prevent profit shifting.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Unilateral double taxation relief limits credit to the lower of domestic or foreign tax rates and requires proof of foreign tax payment.
    Clause 160 provides unilateral relief for Indian residents and non-resident partners taxed on foreign income where no DTAA exists, limited to the lower of the Indian tax rate or the foreign tax rate, requires proof of foreign tax payment, and defines key terms to include excess profits or business profits taxes; it modernizes terminology and omits a prior country-specific carve-out, while raising evidentiary and computational ambiguities.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Double taxation relief framework modernised: new clause clarifies treaty adoption, anti abuse safeguards, and documentation requirements.
    Clause 159 empowers the Central Government to enter into and adopt agreements with foreign countries and notified specified territories, and permits specified domestic associations to enter into sectoral agreements subject to governmental adoption and notification. Agreements may provide relief from double taxation, avoidance of double taxation constrained by anti abuse safeguards, exchange of information to prevent evasion, and mutual assistance in tax recovery. The Act's provisions apply to the extent more beneficial to the taxpayer, but anti abuse measures in Chapter XI apply notwithstanding such benefit. Non residents must furnish a certificate of residence and prescribed documentation to claim treaty relief.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Treaty interpretation and anti-abuse primacy clarified: government may adopt association agreements while preserving treaty benefit limits.
    Clause 159 authorises the Central Government to enter into agreements with foreign countries or notified territories and to adopt agreements between notified specified associations for double taxation relief, exchange of information, and mutual assistance in recovery. Taxpayers may claim the more beneficial of domestic law or a notified agreement, subject to documentary requirements for non-residents and the primacy of chapter-level anti-abuse provisions. A four-tier interpretive hierarchy for treaty terms is provided, with retrospective effect from the agreement's commencement.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Relief from taxation on foreign retirement accounts aligns Indian tax timing with foreign withdrawal taxation to prevent double taxation.
    Clause 158 aligns Indian taxation of income from foreign retirement accounts with the foreign tax event by restricting relief to specified accounts in notified countries opened while the taxpayer was non resident, and by delegating timing and procedural details to rules to prevent double taxation, address timing mismatches, and guard against abuse.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Relief for irregular salary receipts: claim based allocation to prior years with computation and procedures delegated to rules.
    Clause 157 provides relief where lump sum receipts (arrear or advance salary, salary for over twelve months, profits in lieu of salary, and arrears of family pension) cause an assessment at a higher rate. Relief is claim based on application to the Assessing Officer and requires allocation of amounts to earlier years; the Assessing Officer grants relief as prescribed in rules. An anti abuse exclusion denies relief where a deduction for the same amount has already been claimed, and computation, procedural steps and particulars (e.g., Form 10E practice) are to be specified by rules.
    Case LawsGST
    Show AI Summary
    Mutuality doctrine shields club-member transactions from GST; statutory deeming fiction held unconstitutional, retrospective levy invalid.
    The Kerala High Court held that the doctrine of mutuality insulates transactions between an association and its members from GST because the concepts of "supply" and "service" require distinct persons; statutory deeming provisions treating associations and members as separate persons are ultra vires Article 246A and related constitutional provisions, and retrospective application of those amendments is invalid as unfair and contrary to the rule of law.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Rebate for resident individuals: expanded two-tier relief and tapered withdrawal to avoid abrupt tax cliffs.
    Clause 156 creates a two-tier rebate: a general rebate for resident individuals below a base threshold and an enhanced rebate for taxpayers opting into the new tax regime with a higher threshold and larger maximum rebate. The enhanced rebate includes a tapering mechanism for incomes above its threshold and an express cap preventing the rebate from exceeding actual tax liability, with computation rules tied to the new-regime tax rates.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Rebate allowance framework modernisation - rebates applied after tax computation and capped to prevent negative tax liability.
    Allowance of rebates is enabled by Clause 155, which permits rebates to be deducted from income-tax computed on total income after tax computation and before other chapter deductions, and caps aggregate rebates so they cannot exceed the tax computed prior to rebates; the substantive conditions and limits are delegated to Section 156.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Taxation of member's share: entity-level tax exempts members, unless the entity is untaxed or taxed below top rate.
    Clause 310 establishes that a member's share of income from an AOP/BOI is exempt from tax in the member's hands when the association/body is taxed on that income; if the AOP/BOI is not chargeable to tax the member's share is taxed in the member's hands; and if the AOP/BOI is taxed at the maximum marginal rate the member's share is excluded from his total income, otherwise the member's share is included in his total income.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Deduction for disability: standardized tax relief retained with mandatory medical certification and prescribed certificate submission.
    Clause 154 allows resident individuals certified by a medical authority as persons with disability or severe disability to claim a fixed deduction, contingent on furnishing the prescribed certificate with the return and on certificate validity and reassessment rules; definitions are cross referenced to a Bill provision for consistency.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Deduction for interest on deposits expanded to include senior citizens and time deposits, consolidating small-saver relief.
    Clause 153 provides a statutory deduction for interest on deposits to individuals, senior citizens, and HUFs, specifying eligible institutions (banks, cooperative banking societies, and post offices), preserving denial of deductions for interest held by or on behalf of firms, AOPs, or BOIs, and defining time deposits. It consolidates prior disparate provisions by including senior citizens within the same clause with expanded coverage for time deposits, while maintaining the existing deduction treatment for non senior individuals and HUFs.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Patent royalty deduction for resident inventors: capped, certified relief tied to repatriated foreign receipts and compulsory licence limits.
    Clause 152 provides a statutory deduction for resident individual patentees in respect of royalty from patents registered on or after 1 April 2003, subject to a statutory annual ceiling and procedural certification. Deductions in compulsory licence cases are limited to Controller determined royalty; foreign-sourced receipts qualify only to the extent repatriated in convertible foreign exchange within the prescribed period and supported by prescribed certification. Definitions exclude capital gains and sales proceeds from the scope of "royalty," and certification by prescribed authorities is required with the return.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Deduction for authors' royalty income limited by a fixed cap and repatriation plus certification requirements.
    Clause 151 grants a deduction to resident individual authors for professional income from copyright assignment or royalties for literary, artistic, or scientific books (excluding textbooks), subject to a fixed monetary cap and a royalty to sales limit for non lump sum receipts. Foreign income qualifies only if repatriated in convertible exchange within a prescribed period and accompanied by prescribed certification, and claimants must submit payer verified certificates with returns; double deduction for the same income is expressly prohibited.

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      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      1 February, 2021

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      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      S. No

      Chapter, Heading, sub- heading, tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

       

       

      Agricultural Products and By Products

       

       

      1.

      2207 20 00

      Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol) for use in manufacture of excisable goods

      2.5%

      5%

      2.

      23

      All goods except dog and cat food and shrimp larvae feed

      Nil/ 5%/

      10%/

      15%/

      20%/

      30%

      15%

       

       

      Minerals

       

       

      3.

      2528

      Natural borates and concentrates thereof

      Nil/5%

      2.5%

        

      Fuels, Chemicals and Plastics

        

      3.

      2710

      Naphtha

      4%

      2.5%

      5.

      2907 23 00

      Bis-phenol A

      Nil

      7.5%

      6.

      2910 30 00

      Epichlorohydrin

      2.5%

      7.5%

      7.

      2933 71 00

      Caprolactam

      7.5%

      5%

      8.

      3907 40 00

      Polycarbonates

      5%

      7.5%

      9.

      3908

      Nylon chips

      7.5%

      5%

      10.

      3920 99 99

      Other plates, sheets, films, etc. of other plastics

      10%

      15%

        

      Leather

        

      11

      41

      Wet blue chrome tanned leather, crust leather, finished leather of all kinds, including splits and sides of the aforesaid

      Nil

      10%

        

      Textiles

        

      12.

      5002

      Raw Silk (not thrown)

      10%

      15%

      13.

      5004, 5005,

      5006

      Silk yarn, yarn spun from silk waste (whether or not put up for retail sale)

      10%

      15%

      14.

      5201

      Raw Cotton

      Nil

      5% +

      5% AIDC*

      15.

      5202

      Cotton waste (including yarn waste or garneted stock)

      Nil

      10%

      16.

      5402, 5403,

      5404, 5405

      00 00, 5406,

      5501 to 5510

      Nylon Fibre and Yarn

      7.5%

      5%

        

      Gems and Jewellery Sector

        

      17.

      7106

      Silver

      12.5.%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      18.

      7106

      Silver Dore

      11%

      6.1% +

      2.5%

      AIDC*

      19.

      7108

      Gold

      12.5%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      20.

      7108

      Gold Dore

      11.85%

      6.9%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      21.

      7107 00 00,

      7109 00 00,

      7111 00 00

      Base metals or precious metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      22.

      7110

      Other precious metals like Platinum, Palladium, etc.

      12.5%

      10%

      23.

      7112

      Waste and scrap of precious metals or metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      24.

      7112

      Spent catalyst or ash containing precious metals

      11.85%

      9.17%

      25.

      7113

      Gold or Silver Findings

      20%

      10%

      26.

      7118

      Coin

      12.5%

      10%

       

       

      Metals

       

       

      27.

      7204

      Iron and steel scrap, including stainless steel scrap [up to 31.03.2022]

      2.5%

      Nil

      28.

      7206 and

      7207

      Primary/Semi-finished products of non-alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      29.

      7208, 7209,

      7210, 7211,

      7212, 7225

      (except 7225

      11 00) and

      7226 (except

      7226 11 00)

      Flat products of non-alloy and alloy steel

      10%

      /12.5%

      7.5%

      30.

      7213, 7214,

      7215, 7216,

      7217, 7221,

      7222, 7223,

      7227 and

      7228

      Long product of non-alloy, stainless and alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      31.

      7225

      Raw materials for use in manufacture of CRGO steel [up to 31.03.2023]

      2.5%

      Nil

      32.

      7404

      Copper Scrap

      5%

      2.5%

      33.

      7318

      Screw, bolts, nuts, etc. of iron and steel

      10%

      15%

       

       

      Capital Goods

       

       

      34.

      8430

      Tunnel boring machines

      Nil

      7.5%

      35.

      8431

      Parts and components for manufacture of tunnel boring machines with actual-user condition IT,

      Nil

      2.5%

       

       

       

      Electronics and Renewable

       

       

      36.

      8544 (other

      than 8544 70

      and 8544 30

      00)

      Specified insulated wires and cables

      7.5%

      10%

      37.

      39, 74 and

      85

      Former, bases, bobbins, brackets; CP wires; P.B.T.; Phenol resin moulding powder; Lamination/ El silicon steel strips for use in manufacture of transformers (entry at S.No. 198 of 25/1999- Customs)

      Nil

      Applica ble rate

      38.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      39.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of camera module of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      40.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of connectors of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      41.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material for manufacture of specified parts like back cover, side keys etc. of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      42.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material (other than PCBA and moulded plastics) for manufacture of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      43.

      8504 90 90

      or

      3926 90 99

      Moulded plastics for manufacture of charger or adapter

      10%

      15%

      44.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Printed Circuit Board Assembly of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      45.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Moulded Plastic of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      46.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials (other than Lithium-ion cell and PCBA) of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      47.

      Any Chapter

      Parts or components of PCBA of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      48.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials of following goods: -

      1. Other machines capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network (8443 32 90)
      2. Ink cartridges, with print head assembly (8443 99 51)
      3. Ink cartridges, without print head assembly (8443 99 52)

      (iv)Ink spray nozzle (8443 99 53) (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      49.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs and parts of LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      50.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs for use in the manufacture of LED driver or MCPCB (Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) for LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      51.

      9405 50 40

      Solar lanterns or solar lamps

      5%

      15%

      52.

      8504 40

      Solar Inverters

      5%

      20%

      53.

      9503

      Parts of Electronic Toys for manufacture of electronic toys Aviation Sector

      5%

      15%

      54.

      Any Chapter

      Components or parts, including engines, for manufacture of aircrafts or parts of such aircrafts, by Public Sector Units under Ministry of Defence subject to condition specified.

      Medical devices

      2.5%

      0%

       

      55.

      9018-9022

      Medical Devices imported by International Organization and Diplomatic Missions

      Health Cess @ 5%

      Health Cess @ Nil

        

      Goods imported under Project Import Scheme

        

      56.

      9801

      High Speed Rail Projects being brought under project imports

      Applicable Rate

      5%

      57.

      8714 91 00,

      8714 92,

      8714 93,

      8714 94 00,

      8714 95,

      8714 96 00,

      8714 99

      All goods other than Bicycle parts and components

      10%

      15%

      * Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess

       


       

      Full Text:

      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax