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    Cash Transaction Penalties under Indian Tax Law : Clause 450 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Sectio...
    Evolution of Penalty Provisions for Failure to Collect Tax at Source : Clause 449 of the Income Tax ...
    Practical and Legal Implications of Penalty for TDS Defaults in Complince under Indian Income Tax La...
    Practical Dimensions of Penalty for Non-Submission of Accountant's Report in Indian Taxation : Claus...
    Audit Compliance and Penalty Provisions under Indian Income Tax Law : Clause 446 of the Income Tax B...
    Penalties for defeating the policy objective of fostering genuine charitable activities by Related P...
    Penalizing False Accounting Entries : Clause 444 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 271AAD of ...
    Legal and Practical Dimensions of Penalties for Undisclosed Income in Indian Taxation : Clause 443 o...
    Legal Framework for Documentation Penalties under Indian Tax Law : Clause 442 of the Income Tax Bill...
    Penalty Provisions for Non-maintenance of Books under Indian Income Tax Law : Clause 441 of the Inco...
    Immunity from Penalty and Prosecution in Income Tax Law : Clause 440 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs...
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    Section 269T of the Income-tax Act, 1961 : Clause 189 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Explanation to Se...
    Evolution of Cash Transaction Controls in Indian Tax Law : Clause 188 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 V...
    Change in India's Digital Payment Mandate : Clause 187 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 269S...
    Restricting High-Value Cash Transactions in India : Clause 186 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Sect...
    Restricting Cash Transaction Regime : Clause 185 of Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 269SS of Incom...
    Defining the High Court for Tax Matters : Clause 374 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 Vs. Section 269 of...
    Monetary Limits of Filing of Appeals by Income-tax Authorities : Clause 373 of the Income Tax Bill, ...
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    Act RulesBills
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    Cash transaction penalty: acceptance of prohibited loans or deposits triggers penalty equal to amount received under the new clause.
    Clause 450 imposes a penalty equal to the amount of any loan, deposit or specified sum taken or accepted in contravention of the substantive prohibition, centralizes authority to impose that penalty with the Assessing Officer, and leaves key interpretive and procedural questions-such as the definition of "specified sum", the availability of a reasonable cause exception, and limitation and hearing procedures-to be clarified elsewhere in the Bill or by administrative guidance.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Penalty for failure to collect tax at source: Assessing Officer may impose penalty equal to uncollected tax, discretion noted.
    Clause 449 provides that any person required under Chapter XIX-B who fails to collect the whole or part of tax may be liable to a penalty equal to the amount of tax not collected, with the Assessing Officer empowered to impose that penalty; the clause covers total and partial failures, fixes the penalty quantum as equal to the uncollected tax, and does not expressly provide a reasonable cause exception.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source: equal to unpaid tax, imposed at Assessing Officer's discretion.
    Clause 448 penalises failure to deduct, pay, or ensure payment of tax at source under Chapter XIX-B and specified notes, imposing a penalty equal to the tax unpaid and vesting discretion to impose that penalty in the Assessing Officer; the clause covers partial failures and obligations to ensure payment but is silent on an explicit reasonable cause defence.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Failure to furnish accountant's report under section 172 may attract fixed statutory penalty; procedural safeguards need clarification.
    Clause 447 authorises the Assessing Officer to impose a fixed penalty of one lakh rupees for failure to furnish an accountant's report as required by section 172; the provision mirrors Section 271BA in structure and intent, emphasising a uniform fixed penalty to enforce documentary compliance, while raising issues about the scope of section 172, the absence of an explicit reasonable cause exception, and procedural safeguards such as show cause notice and opportunity to be heard.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Audit compliance penalty: failure to obtain or file mandated audit reports may attract a capped percentage-based sanction.
    Clause 446 penalizes failure to obtain a mandatory audit or to furnish the audit report under s.63 by authorizing the Assessing Officer to impose a penalty equal to the lesser of a percentage of total sales, turnover or gross receipts for the relevant tax year(s) or a fixed monetary cap, thereby targeting both non-audit and non-filing conduct and centralizing enforcement discretion under a proportional, capped sanction.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Penalty for diversion of charitable funds: escalating sanctions for benefits to related persons under the new income tax framework.
    Clause 445 links penalties to the charging of "specified income" under section 337 where a registered non-profit applies income for the benefit of a related person. It covers direct and indirect benefits, vests discretion in the Assessing Officer to impose a monetary penalty during proceedings, prescribes an equal-amount penalty for the first violation and a doubled penalty for subsequent violations, and does not require proof of mens rea.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Penalty for false accounting entries: false or omitted entries made to evade tax attract a penalty equal to the entry amount.
    Penalty for false or omitted accounting entries applies where entries are material to computation of total income and made with intent to evade tax; penalty equals the aggregate amount of the false or omitted entry, extends to anyone who causes such entries, and covers use or intention to use forged documents, invoices without actual supply/receipt, and invoices involving non existent persons, with Assessing Officer and specified appellate officers empowered to impose the sanction.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Penalty for undisclosed income: fixed tax-based sanction added to assessed tax for unexplained income, with limited exceptions.
    Clause 443 authorises tax officers and appellate commissioners to impose a fixed additional penalty on tax computed in respect of income determined from specified unexplained sources, while exempting amounts voluntarily disclosed and taxed within the relevant year, and barring a duplicate penalty under an alternate penalty provision; procedural safeguards in designated procedural sections apply to the imposition and appeal of the penalty.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Documentation penalties: new clause preserves ad valorem and flat penalties, reinforcing strict transfer pricing compliance for cross border transactions.
    Clause 442 establishes penalties for failures to maintain, report, or furnish accurate documentation for international transactions and specified domestic transactions, comprising an ad valorem penalty imposed by the Assessing Officer or Commissioner (Appeals) for non maintenance, non reporting or incorrect information, and a prescribed authority's power to levy a flat monetary penalty for failure to furnish required information; the provision largely mirrors Section 271AA but omits an explicit "without prejudice" clause and does not address reasonable cause or proportionality concerns.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Record keeping obligation triggers fixed penalty for non maintenance or non retention of prescribed tax records, raising proportionality concerns.
    Clause 441 imposes a fixed penalty for failure to keep, maintain, or retain prescribed books of account and documents as required by the statutory reference provision, and vests authority to impose the penalty in the Assessing Officer and appellate officers. The clause applies an objective standard of liability, omits an explicit savings clause preserving other penalty provisions, and contains no express exception for reasonable cause, raising issues of cumulative penalties and proportionality.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Immunity from penalty: mechanism to obtain protection from penalty and prosecution when tax is paid and no appeal is filed.
    Clause 440 permits an assessee to apply for immunity from penalty and prosecution where tax and interest under the assessment/reassessment order are paid within the notice period and no appeal is filed; the application must be made within one month in prescribed form, the AO must decide within three months after giving opportunity of being heard, immunity is granted only after the appeal period expires and excludes cases of aggravated defaults, and an order on immunity is final and bars appeal or revision if accepted.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Penalty for under-reporting: preserves formula-based computation and differential rates for misreporting, and procedural safeguards.
    Clause 439 establishes a formula-based penalty framework empowering a defined Competent Authority to impose penalties for seven specified scenarios of under-reporting, prescribes quantified computation methods for first assessments, reassessments and deemed income, preserves exceptions for bona fide explanations and documented transfer pricing adjustments, requires written orders and bars double penalisation, and differentiates penalties by imposing a higher sanction for misreporting defined by a specified list of misrepresentation and suppression acts.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Mode of payment restrictions for property linked receipts expanded to include any monetary receipt related to proposed transfers.
    Clause 189 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 defines "banking company", certain rural finance institutions, "specified sum", and "specified advance" to frame non cash payment rules for receipts and repayments linked to immovable property. It mirrors the Explanation to Section 269T in several respects-notably the definition of "specified advance"-but adds an explicit "specified sum" to capture any monetary receipt related to a proposed property transfer whether or not the transfer occurs, thereby potentially broadening regulatory coverage and creating interpretative issues where payments overlap the two terms.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Mode of repayment restrictions: non cash repayment mandated for covered loans and advances to ensure traceability and compliance.
    Clause 188 mandates non cash repayment of loans, deposits and specified advances by account payee cheque, bank draft, electronic clearing or other prescribed electronic modes when the amount or the aggregate held by the person equals or exceeds twenty thousand rupees, with a higher threshold of two lakh rupees for primary agricultural credit societies and related rural banks. It exempts repayments to Government and regulated banking or notified entities, allows intra branch crediting by banks, broadly defines "loan or deposit," covers advances related to immovable property, and emphasizes aggregation to prevent splitting transactions.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Digital payment mandate requires businesses to provide prescribed electronic modes, promoting traceability and reducing cash transactions.
    Clause 187 mandates that every person carrying on business whose sales, turnover, or gross receipts exceed the prescribed monetary threshold in the immediately preceding tax year shall provide facilities for accepting payment through prescribed electronic modes, in addition to any other electronic modes offered; rule-making will specify the required modes, and compliance carries operational, record-keeping and penal implications while raising interpretive issues around prescription, group aggregation, and regulatory harmonization.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Restriction on high value cash transactions: mandatory use of prescribed banking or electronic modes to enhance traceability and compliance.
    Clause 186 prohibits receipt of cash at or above the specified monetary threshold except through account payee cheque, bank draft, electronic clearing, or other prescribed electronic modes, applying the ban to aggregated daily receipts from the same person, single transactions, and transactions linked to a single event or occasion; exemptions include government and specified banking entities and further classes as notified by the Central Government, while interpretive ambiguities and delegated rulemaking on permissible modes may require administrative clarification.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Cash transaction restriction: acceptance of loans, deposits and advances must be made only through traceable banking or electronic modes.
    Clause 185 prohibits accepting loans, deposits or specified sums in cash when the current transaction, the unpaid balance of prior transactions with the same person, or their aggregate reaches the prescribed threshold, and permits receipt only by account-payee cheque, account-payee bank draft, electronic clearing through a bank account or other prescribed electronic modes; exceptions cover the Government, specified banking and statutory entities, notified bodies, a rural higher threshold for primary agricultural credit societies and a narrow agricultural income exception.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Definition of High Court clarifies appellate forum for States and Union Territories in tax law, reducing jurisdictional ambiguity.
    Clause 374 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025, provides a comprehensive, enumerated definition of "High Court" by designating the specific High Court applicable to each State and Union Territory, updating nomenclature, reflecting post reorganization realities (including Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh), and replacing reliance on piecemeal adaptation orders; this consolidation reduces jurisdictional uncertainty, aids administrative and judicial efficiency, and highlights the need for legislative updates or transitional provisions if future territorial changes occur.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Monetary limits on tax appeals: Board may set filing thresholds; non filing does not amount to departmental acquiescence.
    Clause 373 authorises the Board to fix monetary limits and other criteria for filing appeals by income tax authorities, permits the Board to revise those limits, and provides that non filing of an appeal in one case does not preclude filing in other years or against other assessees. The clause bars assessees from claiming departmental acquiescence due to non filing and directs tribunals and courts to have regard to the Board's instructions and the circumstances of filing or non filing while leaving the weight of those instructions to judicial discretion.
    Act RulesBills
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    Exclusion of time to obtain copy suspends limitation for appeals and applications when copy not provided, subject to diligence.
    Clause 372 excludes the day of service and, where a copy was not provided with the notice, the time required to obtain that copy from computation of limitation for appeals and applications; the exclusion is subject to the assessee's reasonable diligence and requires documentary proof of application and receipt, with electronic service and portal access raising specific interpretive issues.

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      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      1 February, 2021

      Contents
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      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN RESPECTIVE NOTIFICATIONS [with effect from 2.2.2021, unless specified otherwise]

      S. No

      Chapter, Heading, sub- heading, tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

       

       

      Agricultural Products and By Products

       

       

      1.

      2207 20 00

      Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol) for use in manufacture of excisable goods

      2.5%

      5%

      2.

      23

      All goods except dog and cat food and shrimp larvae feed

      Nil/ 5%/

      10%/

      15%/

      20%/

      30%

      15%

       

       

      Minerals

       

       

      3.

      2528

      Natural borates and concentrates thereof

      Nil/5%

      2.5%

        

      Fuels, Chemicals and Plastics

        

      3.

      2710

      Naphtha

      4%

      2.5%

      5.

      2907 23 00

      Bis-phenol A

      Nil

      7.5%

      6.

      2910 30 00

      Epichlorohydrin

      2.5%

      7.5%

      7.

      2933 71 00

      Caprolactam

      7.5%

      5%

      8.

      3907 40 00

      Polycarbonates

      5%

      7.5%

      9.

      3908

      Nylon chips

      7.5%

      5%

      10.

      3920 99 99

      Other plates, sheets, films, etc. of other plastics

      10%

      15%

        

      Leather

        

      11

      41

      Wet blue chrome tanned leather, crust leather, finished leather of all kinds, including splits and sides of the aforesaid

      Nil

      10%

        

      Textiles

        

      12.

      5002

      Raw Silk (not thrown)

      10%

      15%

      13.

      5004, 5005,

      5006

      Silk yarn, yarn spun from silk waste (whether or not put up for retail sale)

      10%

      15%

      14.

      5201

      Raw Cotton

      Nil

      5% +

      5% AIDC*

      15.

      5202

      Cotton waste (including yarn waste or garneted stock)

      Nil

      10%

      16.

      5402, 5403,

      5404, 5405

      00 00, 5406,

      5501 to 5510

      Nylon Fibre and Yarn

      7.5%

      5%

        

      Gems and Jewellery Sector

        

      17.

      7106

      Silver

      12.5.%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      18.

      7106

      Silver Dore

      11%

      6.1% +

      2.5%

      AIDC*

      19.

      7108

      Gold

      12.5%

      7.5%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      20.

      7108

      Gold Dore

      11.85%

      6.9%+

      2.5% AIDC*

      21.

      7107 00 00,

      7109 00 00,

      7111 00 00

      Base metals or precious metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      22.

      7110

      Other precious metals like Platinum, Palladium, etc.

      12.5%

      10%

      23.

      7112

      Waste and scrap of precious metals or metals clad with precious metals

      12.5%

      10%

      24.

      7112

      Spent catalyst or ash containing precious metals

      11.85%

      9.17%

      25.

      7113

      Gold or Silver Findings

      20%

      10%

      26.

      7118

      Coin

      12.5%

      10%

       

       

      Metals

       

       

      27.

      7204

      Iron and steel scrap, including stainless steel scrap [up to 31.03.2022]

      2.5%

      Nil

      28.

      7206 and

      7207

      Primary/Semi-finished products of non-alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      29.

      7208, 7209,

      7210, 7211,

      7212, 7225

      (except 7225

      11 00) and

      7226 (except

      7226 11 00)

      Flat products of non-alloy and alloy steel

      10%

      /12.5%

      7.5%

      30.

      7213, 7214,

      7215, 7216,

      7217, 7221,

      7222, 7223,

      7227 and

      7228

      Long product of non-alloy, stainless and alloy steel

      10%

      7.5%

      31.

      7225

      Raw materials for use in manufacture of CRGO steel [up to 31.03.2023]

      2.5%

      Nil

      32.

      7404

      Copper Scrap

      5%

      2.5%

      33.

      7318

      Screw, bolts, nuts, etc. of iron and steel

      10%

      15%

       

       

      Capital Goods

       

       

      34.

      8430

      Tunnel boring machines

      Nil

      7.5%

      35.

      8431

      Parts and components for manufacture of tunnel boring machines with actual-user condition IT,

      Nil

      2.5%

       

       

       

      Electronics and Renewable

       

       

      36.

      8544 (other

      than 8544 70

      and 8544 30

      00)

      Specified insulated wires and cables

      7.5%

      10%

      37.

      39, 74 and

      85

      Former, bases, bobbins, brackets; CP wires; P.B.T.; Phenol resin moulding powder; Lamination/ El silicon steel strips for use in manufacture of transformers (entry at S.No. 198 of 25/1999- Customs)

      Nil

      Applica ble rate

      38.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      39.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of camera module of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      40.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts for manufacture of connectors of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      41.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material for manufacture of specified parts like back cover, side keys etc. of cellular mobile phone

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      42.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw material (other than PCBA and moulded plastics) for manufacture of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      43.

      8504 90 90

      or

      3926 90 99

      Moulded plastics for manufacture of charger or adapter

      10%

      15%

      44.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Printed Circuit Board Assembly of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      45.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or parts of Moulded Plastic of charger or adapter of cellular mobile phones

      Nil

      10%

      46.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials (other than Lithium-ion cell and PCBA) of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      47.

      Any Chapter

      Parts or components of PCBA of Lithium-ion battery or battery pack

      (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      48.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs or raw materials of following goods: -

      1. Other machines capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network (8443 32 90)
      2. Ink cartridges, with print head assembly (8443 99 51)
      3. Ink cartridges, without print head assembly (8443 99 52)

      (iv)Ink spray nozzle (8443 99 53) (w.e.f. 1.4.2021)

      Nil

      2.5%

      49.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs and parts of LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      50.

      Any Chapter

      Inputs for use in the manufacture of LED driver or MCPCB (Metal Core Printed Circuit Board) for LED lights or fixtures including LED Lamps

      5%

      10%

      51.

      9405 50 40

      Solar lanterns or solar lamps

      5%

      15%

      52.

      8504 40

      Solar Inverters

      5%

      20%

      53.

      9503

      Parts of Electronic Toys for manufacture of electronic toys Aviation Sector

      5%

      15%

      54.

      Any Chapter

      Components or parts, including engines, for manufacture of aircrafts or parts of such aircrafts, by Public Sector Units under Ministry of Defence subject to condition specified.

      Medical devices

      2.5%

      0%

       

      55.

      9018-9022

      Medical Devices imported by International Organization and Diplomatic Missions

      Health Cess @ 5%

      Health Cess @ Nil

        

      Goods imported under Project Import Scheme

        

      56.

      9801

      High Speed Rail Projects being brought under project imports

      Applicable Rate

      5%

      57.

      8714 91 00,

      8714 92,

      8714 93,

      8714 94 00,

      8714 95,

      8714 96 00,

      8714 99

      All goods other than Bicycle parts and components

      10%

      15%

      * Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess

       


       

      Full Text:

      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax