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    Bad debt deductions: new limits and conditions for financial institutions, distinguishing rural-advance treatment and recovery rules.
    Clause 31 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 creates a structured regime for deductions for provisions for bad and doubtful debts and for bad debts written off, prescribing percentage-based deduction limits for specified financial institutions with an additional allowance for rural-branch advances; it requires that write-offs be reflected in income computations, provides for partial recovery treatment, and distinguishes provisions from actual bad debts while aligning deductions with accounting and disclosure standards.
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    Search and seizure powers expanded to permit access to digital records, enhancing tax enforcement while raising privacy concerns.
    Clause 247 expands search and seizure authority to electronic media and digital records, authorising officers to access and seize emails, social media, trading and bank accounts where information indicates non production of documents or undisclosed assets; it modernises enforcement by treating digital records equivalently to physical evidence while raising privacy and misuse concerns that require procedural safeguards.
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    Insurance premium deductions permit tax relief for business stock, cattle insurance, and employer-paid health cover via non-cash payments.
    Clause 30 permits deduction for premiums paid for insurance against damage or destruction of business stocks, for premiums by federal milk cooperative societies to insure the life of cattle of primary society members engaged in milk supply, and for employers' premiums for employee health insurance provided payment is made through non-cash modes under approved schemes.
    Act RulesBills
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    Employee welfare deductions clarified: new limits, timing and eligibility for employer contributions under Clause 29.
    Clause 29 prescribes conditions and limits for deducting employer contributions to recognized provident funds, approved superannuation funds, pension schemes (subject to a uniform percentage of salary including dearness allowance), and approved gratuity funds, sets the due date rules for employee contributions, and restricts deductions for provisions or contributions unless expressly authorised, thereby clarifying and refining the deductibility regime compared with current Sections 36 and 40A.
    Act RulesBills
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    Employee welfare deductions clarified: permitted employer contributions to approved funds subject to prescribed limits and arm's-length scrutiny.
    Deductions for employer contributions to specified employee welfare vehicles are permitted only when made to recognised or approved funds and in accordance with prescribed limits, timing and conditions; provision-only gratuity reserves are generally non-deductible unless conditions are met, and contributions to other funds or trusts are disallowed except as expressly allowed or required by law.
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    Tax deduction for agricultural and skill development projects streamlines incentives while barring duplicate claims under the Act.
    Clause 47 permits deductions for expenditures on agricultural extension projects and for companies' skill development projects, excluding land and building costs, subject to Board notification and requisite documentation. It includes an express prohibition on claiming the same expenditure under any other provision of the Act for the same or any other tax year, consolidating and streamlining prior separate incentives while imposing compliance obligations to substantiate eligibility.
    Act RulesBills
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    Site restoration fund deductions limited and conditional; misuse of withdrawals treated as taxable income under new regime.
    Clause 49 and Schedule X create a Site Restoration Fund regime allowing deductions for deposits into specified accounts subject to caps and conditions: claims require a government agreement and audited accounts, deposits must be made by year-end, withdrawals are restricted to scheme purposes and misuse is taxed as income, expenditures funded by withdrawals are nondeductible, and disposals tied to the scheme within a set period reverse deductions and are taxed.
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    Capital expenditure deduction for specified businesses enables immediate full write-off, subject to eligibility, exclusivity and usage conditions.
    Clause 46 permits full deduction of capital expenditure for a specified business in the year incurred, including pre-operational capitalized expenditure, subject to conditions: no splitting or reconstruction of existing businesses, prohibition on previously used machinery or plant, and, for certain sectors, fulfillment of regulatory approval and operational criteria; it bars claiming other deductions for the same expenditure and requires assets to be used exclusively for the specified business for at least eight years.
    Act RulesBills
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    Amortization of preliminary expenses enables staged tax relief for businesses under the new income tax provision.
    The clause permits staged deduction of specified preliminary expenses by allowing an Indian company or resident individual to deduct one fifth of eligible preliminary expenses in each of five successive tax years, subject to an overall ceiling computed at the option of the taxpayer against either project cost or capital employed; eligible expenditures include feasibility and project reports, market and engineering studies, legal charges and other prescribed preparatory costs, and a statement of expenditure must be furnished to the prescribed authority.
    Act RulesBills
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    Amortisation of expenditure: Tax treatment extended to telecommunications, amalgamation, demerger and voluntary retirement schemes clarified.
    Clause 52 provides for amortisation of expenditures: amalgamation or demerger costs and voluntary retirement payments are amortisable over five tax years from the tax year of the event or payment; spectrum and licence fees for telecommunication services are amortisable over the period the rights remain in force, beginning in the later of business commencement or payment year. It further addresses tax consequences on transfer of such rights and empowers the Assessing Officer to rectify income where deductions were incorrectly claimed.
    Act RulesBills
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    Research expenditure deductions expanded under new clause; certification and continuity rules affect pre commencement and institutional payments.
    Clause 45 allows deductions for capital and revenue scientific research expenditures related to business, excluding land acquisition; permits certified pre commencement expenditures up to three years; allows payments to research associations, universities and approved companies; conditions claims on prescribed documentation and compliance; protects deductions when approvals are later withdrawn; and contains provisions on non duplication of deductions, depreciation applicability, and amalgamation asset treatment.
    Act RulesBills
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    Depreciation rules modernized to clarify asset categories and additional allowances, affecting business tax deductions and compliance.
    Clause 33 creates a unified regime for depreciation on tangible and intangible assets used in business or profession, excluding goodwill; mandates written down value treatment for a block of assets with proportional deductions for partial business use; halves rates for assets used less than 180 days; provides pro rata apportionment on succession, amalgamation and demerger; treats leasehold improvements as depreciable buildings; permits late claims and carry forward of unabsorbed depreciation; allows disposal deductions for written down value shortfalls; and grants additional depreciation for new machinery and plant in manufacturing and power generation.
    Act RulesBills
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    Deductions for rent and repairs clarified: proportionate claims allowed for partial business use under new clause.
    Clause 28 consolidates deductions for premises, machinery, plant, and furniture used wholly and exclusively for business or profession, allowing deductions for insurance premiums, local taxes, rent, and current (non-capital) repairs. It preserves tenant-specific rent and repair claims and imposes an explicit apportionment rule: where assets are not wholly used for business, deductions are limited to a fair proportionate part as determined by the Assessing Officer, thereby centralising assessment discretion and requiring supporting documentation for partial-use allocations.
    Act RulesBills
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    Business income taxation modernisation clarifies taxable receipts and expands scope to include government-related compensations and non-monetary benefits.
    Clause 26 restates chargeability of income under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession" for the tax year, replacing the term "previous year," and refines categories of taxable receipts by expressly including compensation for termination or contract vesting with government bodies, consolidating export incentives, recognizing non-monetary benefits, and preserving existing treatments for partner receipts, Keyman insurance proceeds, inventory-to-capital conversions, capital-asset sums, speculative transactions, and the exclusion of residential letting income.
    Act RulesBills
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    Owner definition clarified in income tax reform, expanding deemed ownership and streamlining property tax provisions.
    The Bill clarifies the owner concept for house property income taxation by expressly deeming transfers without adequate consideration to close relatives as ownership (with specified exceptions), streamlining provisions for impartible estates, cooperative society members, and part-performance rights, expanding categories of transactions that create ownership-like rights with specific lease-term criteria, and omitting prior references to annual and capital charge and service taxes to simplify the framework.
    Act RulesBills
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    Co-ownership taxation clarifies individual assessment and allocation of rental income among co-owners under broadened property scope.
    Taxation of income from co-owned property preserves individual assessment and allocation by definite and ascertainable shares, excludes association-of-persons treatment, broadens the scope of "property," simplifies income computation references to the relevant Chapter, and clarifies relief for self-occupied interests by direct cross-reference to the relief provision.
    Act RulesBills
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    Deductions from house property: Bill streamlines deduction rules and documentation requirements for interest and construction periods.
    Clause 22 restructures deductions from house property by preserving the standard deduction and interest allowance while imposing a capped interest deduction, clearer rules for prior period interest, and explicit documentation obligations including detailed interest certificates and treatment of refinancing. It extends the construction completion period for deduction eligibility and revises the linkage and references for foreign interest restrictions, aiming to standardise limits, conditions, and verification procedures.
    Act RulesBills
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    Taxation of arrears of rent: clause mainstreams treatment, taxes on receipt, and preserves standard deduction.
    Proposed Clause 23 treats arrears of rent and unrealised rent as income from house property taxed in the year of receipt or realisation, preserves applicability despite change of ownership and the 30% standard deduction, and reorganises provisions into distinct subsections for chargeability, inclusion in total income, and deductions while substituting "tax year" for "financial year" and simplifying language to reduce interpretive ambiguity.
    Act RulesBills
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    Annual value determination simplified: bill streamlines rent-based criteria, expands deductions and vacancy rules to ease compliance.
    Determination of the annual value is streamlined to a two criterion test-expected rent and actual rent-while vacancy is addressed in a separate subsection, local authority taxes and specified service taxes are consolidated as deductible items, stock in trade nil value relief is extended, and self occupied property rules retain a two house concession with clearer conditions.
    Act RulesBills
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    Income from house property: streamlined charging provision and separate business-use exception clarifies taxation and compliance.
    The provision defines the annual value of buildings and appurtenant land owned by the assessee as the charging concept, with the exclusion for portions occupied for business or professional purposes moved into a separate sub section, preserving the substantive tax effect while improving statutory structure and clarity.

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      Review of concessional rates of BCD prescribed in notification no. 50/2017 - Customs dated 30.62017: The BCD exemption hitherto available on certain goods are being withdrawn by omitting following entries of notification No. 50/2017-Customs dated 30.6.2017.

      3 February, 2020

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      Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

      S. No.

      S. No. of Notification No 50/2017-customs

      Description

      1.

      5

      Tuna bait [0303]

      2.

      7

      Goods upto an aggregate of ten thousand metric tonnes of total imports of Milk and cream, in powder, granules or other solid form in a financial year. [0402 10, 0402 21 00]

      3.

      7A

      Whey, concentrated, evaporated or condensed, liquid or semi-solid [0404 10 10]

      4.

      7B

      Other Whey [0404 90 00)

      5.

      8

      Butter Ghee, Butter Oil [0405]

      6.

      9

      Other cheese [0406 90 00)

      7.

      10

      Pancreas (Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified) (Chapter 5]

      8.

      11

      Conch shell [0508 00]

      9.

      18

      Bulbs or tubers, other live plants [0601 or 0602]

      10.

      36

      All goods other than meslin or wheat [1001]

      11.

      38

      Meslin [1001]

      12.

      40

      Maize upto an aggregate of five lakh metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year [1005 90]

      13.

      47

      Sugar beet seeds [1209 10 00)

      14.

      56

      Edible oils [1508, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515 or 1511 10]

      15.

      58

      Refined vegetable oils of edible grade, in loose or bulk form (other than palm oil) [chapter 15]

      16.

      59

      Vegetable oils of edible grade, in loose or bulk form (other than those specified against S. No. 58 and palm oil), imported for the manufacture of oil commonly known as “Vanaspati” or for refining.

      Explanation. -The expression “Vegetable oil” means-

      (a) in the case of cottonseed oil, oil having a free fatty acid content of at least 0.2%; and

      (b) in the case of any other vegetable oil. oil with free fatty acid content of at least 0.5%. [15]

      17.

      68

      Crude sunflower seed or safflower oil upto an aggregate of one lakh and fifty thousand metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year [1512 11]

      18.

      69

      Crude sunflower seed or safflower oil other than those specified against S. No. 68 [1512 11]

      19.

      72

      Refined rape, colza or mustard oil upto an aggregate of one lakh and fifty thousand metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year (1514 19 or 1514 99]

      20.

      78

      Margarine, animal or vegetable oils of edible grade [1517 or 1518]

      21.

      83

      Glycerol, crude; glycerol waters and glycerol lyes, (other than crude glycerin) [1520 00 00]

      22.

      88A

      Raw Sugar upto an aggregate of three lakh metric tonnes of total imports of such goods. Provided that the import of raw sugar in physical form is completed within sixty (60) days from the date of issue Of the Tariff Rate Quota Allocation Certificate or license by Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) to the importer. Provided further that the importer shall convert the raw sugar into white/ refined sugar within a period, not exceeding thirty (30) days, from the date of filing of bill of entry or the date of entry inwards, whichever is later [1701]

      23.

      89

      Dextrose Monohydrate [1702)

      24.

      92

      Molasses resulting from extraction or refining of sugar [1703]

      25.

      93

      Chewing gum whether or not sugar coated [1704 10 00]

      26.

      94

      Food preparations, for infant use and put up for retail sale, of-

      (i) goods of headings 0401 to 0404, containing cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, in a proportion by weight of 5% or more but less than 10%; or

      (ii) flour, meal, starch or malt extract containing cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, in a proportion by weight of 40% or more but less than 50% [1806 90)

      27.

      95

      Preparations for infant use put up for retail sale [1901 10]

      28.

      98

      preserved potatoes [2004 10 00]

      29.

      99

      Peanut Butter [2008 11 00]

      30.

      105

      Wine, for use as sacramental wine [22]

      31.

      108

      Angostura bitters [2208]

      32.

      113

      Fin fish feed [2301 20, 2309 90 32, 2309 90 39]

      33.

      115

      Dietary soya fibre [2304]

      34.

      148

      Naphtha, when imported by Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited (RGPPL), for use in generation of electricity in the power plants of Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited (RGPPL) at Dabhol, District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra [2710]

      35.

      149

      Naphtha, when imported for generation of electrical energy by a generating company as defined in section 2(28) of the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003) to supply electrical energy-or to engage in the business of supplying electrical energy [2701]

      36.

      152

      Propane, Butane [2711 12 00, 2711 13 00]

      37.

      160

      Electrical energy [ 2716 00 00]

      38.

      170

      Phosphoric acid, for the manufacture of fertilizers(28]

      39.

      212

      Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine, imported by the Andhra Pradesh Government through UNICEF [30]

      40.

      220

      Kyanite salts, in a form indicative of their use for manurial purpose [31]

      41.

      243

      Isolated soya protein [3504]

      42.

      244

      Colour positive unexposed cinematographic film in jumbo rolls and colour negative unexposed cinematographic film in rolls of 400 feet and 1000 feet [37]

      43.

      245

      Instant print film [3701 20 00 or 3702]

      44.

      246

      Cinematographic films, exposed but not developed [3704]

      45.

      247

      Promotional material (like Trailers, making of film etc.) imported in the form of electronic promotion kits (EPK)/ beta cams (Any Chapter)

      46.

      263

      The following polymers of ethylene, namely: -

      (i) Cow density polyethylene (LDPE),

      (ii) Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE),

      (iii) High density polyethylene (HDPE),

      (iv) Linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE),

      (v) Linear high-density polyethylene (LHDPE) [3901]

      47.

      264

      All goods other than poly 'so-butylene [39021

      48.

      266

      All goods [3903]

      49.

      274

      Compostable polymer or bio-plastic used in the manufacture of bio degradable agro mulching films, nursery plantation pots and flower pots [3913 90 90]

      50.

      275

      Water blocking tape for use in the manufacture of insulated Wires and cables falling under heading 8544 (except sub-heading 8544 11) [3919 90 90]

      51.

      278

      Subbed polyester base, imported by M/s. Hindustan Photo Films Manufacturing Company Limited, Udhagamandalam for the manufacture of medical or industrial X-ray films and graphic art films [39201

      52.

      286

      Patent leather [4114 20 10]

      53.

      287

      Raw furskins [4301). tanned and dried furskins [4302]

      54.

      386

      Lead bars. rods. profiles and wire [7806]

      55.

      388

      Zinc tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings [7907]

      56.

      389

      Tin plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm; tin foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials), of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.2 mm; tin powders and flakes [8007]

      57.

      398

      Parts and components of the goods specified in List 10 required for use in high voltage power transmission project (Any chapter]

      58.

      401

      All items of equipment including machinery and rolling stock, procured by or on behalf of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. for use in-

      (i) Delhi MRTS Project Phase-I, and

      (ii) Specified corridors of Delhi MRTS Project Phase-Il, comprising of the following, namely: -

      (a) Vishwavidyalaya- Jahangirpuri;

      (b) Central Secretariat-Qutab Minar (via All India Institute of Medical Sciences);

      (c) Shahdara- Dilshad Garden;

      (d) Indraprastha-New Ashok Nagar;

      (e) Yamuna Bank-Anand Vihar-lnter State Bus Terminus; and

      (f) Kirti Nagar-Mundka (along with operational Link to Shahdara- Rithala corridor) (Any Chapter)

      59.

      412

      Goods specified in List 15 required for construction of roads [84 or any other chapter]

      60.

      447

      The following goods required for manufacture of Optical disk drives (ODD), namely: -

      (i) Pick up assembly

      (ii) Digital signature procession integrated circuit

      (iii) DC motor

      (iv) LDO voltage regulator [84 or Any other Chapter]

      61.

      456

      The following goods, namely: -

      (a) Sprinklers and drip irrigation systems for agricultural and horticultural purposes;

      (b) Micro Irrigation equipment [8424]

      62.

      457

      Poultry incubators and brooders [8436 21 00]

      63.

      459

      Parts for manufacture of printers falling under sub heading 8443 32 (except 8443 99 51, 8443 99 52, 8443 99 53) [8443]

      64.

      465

      CD -Writers (8471]

      65.

      474

      MP3 or MP4 or MPEG 4 player with or without radio or video reception facility [85]

      66.

      483

      One set of pre-recorded cassettes accompanying books for learning languages and essential complement to such books, [85]

      67.

      484

      Audio cassettes, if recorded with material from books, newspaper or magazines, for the blind [85]

      68.

      515

      Colour television picture tubes for use in the manufacture of cathode ray televisions [8540 11]

       

       


      Full Text:

      Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

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      ActsIncome Tax