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    Taxability of foreign currency translation reserve: opening FCTR to be included in income unless previously recognised, requiring professional judgment.
    The opening balance of the Foreign Currency Translation Reserve (FCTR) as on 1 April 2016 relating to exchange differences on monetary items for non integral foreign operations shall be recognised in the relevant previous year as income to the extent not previously included in income computation; the correctness of this recognition is debatable and requires appropriate professional judgment because conversion does not create real income and ICDS treatment may not apply to earlier years.
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    Foreign currency liabilities treatment: exchange differences on monetary items hit profit or loss; non monetary differences not taxable or deductible.
    Section 43A does not apply to foreign currency liabilities for purchase of assets in India; such liabilities are governed by ICDS VI. Per ICDS VI para 5(i), exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in the profit and loss account, whereas exchange differences on non monetary items are neither taxable nor deductible.
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    Exchange difference recognition requires periodic recognition until final settlement, treated as income or expense for monetary items.
    Exchange differences on monetary transactions settled after the end of the previous year must be recognised in each intervening period up to final settlement, with exchange gain or loss on settlement treated as income or expense, except for items relating to nonintegral foreign operations.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Foreign exchange differences: monetary item gains and losses recognised as income or expense, non-monetary conversion differences excluded.
    Exchange differences on monetary items (cash and assets or liabilities receivable or payable in fixed or determinate amounts of money) arising on settlement or on the last day of the financial year must be recognised as income or expense of that year. Exchange differences on non-monetary items arising on conversion at the last day of the year are not to be recorded as income or expense for that year.
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    Foreign currency transaction recording: use transaction-date exchange rate or a stable weekly/monthly average when fluctuations are insignificant.
    Under ICDS VI, a foreign currency transaction must be initially recorded in the reporting currency using the exchange rate on the transaction date; if rates do not fluctuate significantly from actuals, a weekly or monthly average rate may be used instead.
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    Capitalization of test-run and commissioning expenditure: pre-commercial costs capitalized, post-commercial costs treated as revenue excluding general overheads.
    Expenditure on start-up and commissioning, including test runs and experimental production, must be capitalized as part of the cost of the tangible fixed asset until commercial production begins; expenditure after commercial production is revenue expenditure. Administration and general overheads not relating to a specific tangible fixed asset are excluded from asset cost and treated as revenue expenditure.
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    Valuation of tangible fixed assets requires recording at actual cost including nonrecoverable taxes and directly attributable expenditures.
    Valuation of tangible fixed assets under ICDS V requires recording assets at actual cost, comprising purchase price, duties and taxes that are not recoverable, and other directly attributable expenditure necessary to bring the asset to its intended use; recoverable taxes are excluded.
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    Accrual basis interest recognition: interest taxed on accrual must be included when computing capital gain from subsequent sale.
    Where interest has been accounted as income on an accrual basis before the sale of a security, the amount already taxed as interest income on accrual basis shall be taken into account for computation of income arising from such sale.
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    Interest on compensation taxed as Income from Other Sources when received; accounting standard ICDS does not displace the statute.
    Interest received on compensation or enhanced compensation is taxable in the year of receipt and must be reported under Income from Other Sources, regardless of whether the assessee uses mercantile or cash accounting; where ICDS IV conflicts with the Act the statute prevails.
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    ICDS applicability to gross-basis incomes confirms ICDS governs computation of taxable interest, royalty and fees for technical services.
    ICDS IV (Revenue Recognition) applies to incomes taxed on a gross basis, including interest, royalty and fees for technical services payable to non-residents, and such receipts must be computed and recognized under ICDS principles for determining the amount chargeable to tax.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Accrual-based revenue recognition: interest and royalty must be recognised despite collection uncertainty; statutory provisions prevail.
    Interest is recognised on a time basis and royalty according to contractual terms; later non recovery may be claimed as a deduction under the amended deduction provisions, and applicable statutory provisions prevail over ICDS IV.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Revenue recognition for leases: lease treated as income not sale; lessor taxed on rent and entitled to depreciation.
    ICDS IV recognises revenue when risk and rewards transfer, so leases are not sales: lease rent is taxable income and the lessor may claim depreciation. Under hire purchase, both parties cannot claim depreciation on the same asset; substance-over-form principles indicate the owner giving the asset on hire should recognise sale while the hirer is entitled to depreciation.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Revenue recognition under ICDS IV applies to real estate developers and BOT operators absent a specific exclusion.
    In the absence of any specific ICDS notified for real estate developers, BOT projects and leases, the relevant provisions of the Income tax Act and applicable ICDS (including ICDS III and ICDS IV) apply to revenue recognition, income computation and disclosure for those transactions.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Work-in-progress treatment: costs to secure construction contracts must be capitalised and not deducted until related work is performed.
    Precontract costs to secure construction contracts must be treated as an asset and characterised as work-in-progress, representing amounts due from customers, and therefore should not be claimed as a deduction in the year of incurrence but carried forward and recognised when the related construction or installation work is performed.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Incidental income in construction contracts: deduct from contract costs; investment returns taxed separately under income provisions.
    Incidental incomes arising from construction contracts are not part of contract revenue and must be reduced from contract costs; examples include sale of surplus materials and disposal of plant and equipment. Income in the nature of interest, dividends and capital gains is excluded from incidental income and is taxed separately under applicable law.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Proviso to section 36(1)(iii) inapplicable to construction contracts; interest on contract borrowings is deductible for execution purposes.
    Proviso to section 36(1)(iii) does not apply to borrowings by contractors for executing construction contracts because such borrowings are not for acquisition of an asset; therefore interest on capital borrowed attributable to a construction contract is not barred by the proviso and is allowable as a deduction under ICDS III.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Retention money recognition: recognise as revenue only when reasonable certainty of ultimate collection exists under ICDS construction rules.
    Retention money within a construction contract is part of contract revenue and should be recognised as revenue on billing only when there is reasonable certainty of its ultimate collection, based on the contract's performance criteria and para 9 of ICDS on construction contracts.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Contract revenue recognition: recognize only costs incurred when outcome is not reliably estimable; early-stage limit applies.
    When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognized only to the extent of costs incurred, subject to an early-stage completion limit specified in the Income Computation and Disclosure Standard on Construction Contracts.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Percentage of completion method recognizes construction contract revenue, expenses and profit by proportion of work completed.
    Recognition of revenue and expenses for construction contracts under ICDS III is governed by the percentage of completion method, whereby revenue, costs and profit are recognized by reference to the stage of completion of contract activity on the reporting date and reported in proportion to work completed.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Bad debt deduction available without book write off when previously taxed income becomes irrecoverable under the statutory proviso.
    If contract revenue was offered to tax under ICDS but not recorded in the books and later becomes irrecoverable, it cannot be written off in the absence of a book entry; instead, deduction may be claimed under the statutory proviso allowing bad debt deduction without book write off where the amount was taken into account in computing income in the previous year in which it became irrecoverable or an earlier year.

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      Review of concessional rates of BCD prescribed in notification no. 50/2017 - Customs dated 30.62017: The BCD exemption hitherto available on certain goods are being withdrawn by omitting following entries of notification No. 50/2017-Customs dated 30.6.2017.

      3 February, 2020

      Contents
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      Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

      S. No.

      S. No. of Notification No 50/2017-customs

      Description

      1.

      5

      Tuna bait [0303]

      2.

      7

      Goods upto an aggregate of ten thousand metric tonnes of total imports of Milk and cream, in powder, granules or other solid form in a financial year. [0402 10, 0402 21 00]

      3.

      7A

      Whey, concentrated, evaporated or condensed, liquid or semi-solid [0404 10 10]

      4.

      7B

      Other Whey [0404 90 00)

      5.

      8

      Butter Ghee, Butter Oil [0405]

      6.

      9

      Other cheese [0406 90 00)

      7.

      10

      Pancreas (Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified) (Chapter 5]

      8.

      11

      Conch shell [0508 00]

      9.

      18

      Bulbs or tubers, other live plants [0601 or 0602]

      10.

      36

      All goods other than meslin or wheat [1001]

      11.

      38

      Meslin [1001]

      12.

      40

      Maize upto an aggregate of five lakh metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year [1005 90]

      13.

      47

      Sugar beet seeds [1209 10 00)

      14.

      56

      Edible oils [1508, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515 or 1511 10]

      15.

      58

      Refined vegetable oils of edible grade, in loose or bulk form (other than palm oil) [chapter 15]

      16.

      59

      Vegetable oils of edible grade, in loose or bulk form (other than those specified against S. No. 58 and palm oil), imported for the manufacture of oil commonly known as “Vanaspati” or for refining.

      Explanation. -The expression “Vegetable oil” means-

      (a) in the case of cottonseed oil, oil having a free fatty acid content of at least 0.2%; and

      (b) in the case of any other vegetable oil. oil with free fatty acid content of at least 0.5%. [15]

      17.

      68

      Crude sunflower seed or safflower oil upto an aggregate of one lakh and fifty thousand metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year [1512 11]

      18.

      69

      Crude sunflower seed or safflower oil other than those specified against S. No. 68 [1512 11]

      19.

      72

      Refined rape, colza or mustard oil upto an aggregate of one lakh and fifty thousand metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year (1514 19 or 1514 99]

      20.

      78

      Margarine, animal or vegetable oils of edible grade [1517 or 1518]

      21.

      83

      Glycerol, crude; glycerol waters and glycerol lyes, (other than crude glycerin) [1520 00 00]

      22.

      88A

      Raw Sugar upto an aggregate of three lakh metric tonnes of total imports of such goods. Provided that the import of raw sugar in physical form is completed within sixty (60) days from the date of issue Of the Tariff Rate Quota Allocation Certificate or license by Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) to the importer. Provided further that the importer shall convert the raw sugar into white/ refined sugar within a period, not exceeding thirty (30) days, from the date of filing of bill of entry or the date of entry inwards, whichever is later [1701]

      23.

      89

      Dextrose Monohydrate [1702)

      24.

      92

      Molasses resulting from extraction or refining of sugar [1703]

      25.

      93

      Chewing gum whether or not sugar coated [1704 10 00]

      26.

      94

      Food preparations, for infant use and put up for retail sale, of-

      (i) goods of headings 0401 to 0404, containing cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, in a proportion by weight of 5% or more but less than 10%; or

      (ii) flour, meal, starch or malt extract containing cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, in a proportion by weight of 40% or more but less than 50% [1806 90)

      27.

      95

      Preparations for infant use put up for retail sale [1901 10]

      28.

      98

      preserved potatoes [2004 10 00]

      29.

      99

      Peanut Butter [2008 11 00]

      30.

      105

      Wine, for use as sacramental wine [22]

      31.

      108

      Angostura bitters [2208]

      32.

      113

      Fin fish feed [2301 20, 2309 90 32, 2309 90 39]

      33.

      115

      Dietary soya fibre [2304]

      34.

      148

      Naphtha, when imported by Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited (RGPPL), for use in generation of electricity in the power plants of Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited (RGPPL) at Dabhol, District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra [2710]

      35.

      149

      Naphtha, when imported for generation of electrical energy by a generating company as defined in section 2(28) of the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003) to supply electrical energy-or to engage in the business of supplying electrical energy [2701]

      36.

      152

      Propane, Butane [2711 12 00, 2711 13 00]

      37.

      160

      Electrical energy [ 2716 00 00]

      38.

      170

      Phosphoric acid, for the manufacture of fertilizers(28]

      39.

      212

      Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine, imported by the Andhra Pradesh Government through UNICEF [30]

      40.

      220

      Kyanite salts, in a form indicative of their use for manurial purpose [31]

      41.

      243

      Isolated soya protein [3504]

      42.

      244

      Colour positive unexposed cinematographic film in jumbo rolls and colour negative unexposed cinematographic film in rolls of 400 feet and 1000 feet [37]

      43.

      245

      Instant print film [3701 20 00 or 3702]

      44.

      246

      Cinematographic films, exposed but not developed [3704]

      45.

      247

      Promotional material (like Trailers, making of film etc.) imported in the form of electronic promotion kits (EPK)/ beta cams (Any Chapter)

      46.

      263

      The following polymers of ethylene, namely: -

      (i) Cow density polyethylene (LDPE),

      (ii) Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE),

      (iii) High density polyethylene (HDPE),

      (iv) Linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE),

      (v) Linear high-density polyethylene (LHDPE) [3901]

      47.

      264

      All goods other than poly 'so-butylene [39021

      48.

      266

      All goods [3903]

      49.

      274

      Compostable polymer or bio-plastic used in the manufacture of bio degradable agro mulching films, nursery plantation pots and flower pots [3913 90 90]

      50.

      275

      Water blocking tape for use in the manufacture of insulated Wires and cables falling under heading 8544 (except sub-heading 8544 11) [3919 90 90]

      51.

      278

      Subbed polyester base, imported by M/s. Hindustan Photo Films Manufacturing Company Limited, Udhagamandalam for the manufacture of medical or industrial X-ray films and graphic art films [39201

      52.

      286

      Patent leather [4114 20 10]

      53.

      287

      Raw furskins [4301). tanned and dried furskins [4302]

      54.

      386

      Lead bars. rods. profiles and wire [7806]

      55.

      388

      Zinc tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings [7907]

      56.

      389

      Tin plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm; tin foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials), of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.2 mm; tin powders and flakes [8007]

      57.

      398

      Parts and components of the goods specified in List 10 required for use in high voltage power transmission project (Any chapter]

      58.

      401

      All items of equipment including machinery and rolling stock, procured by or on behalf of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. for use in-

      (i) Delhi MRTS Project Phase-I, and

      (ii) Specified corridors of Delhi MRTS Project Phase-Il, comprising of the following, namely: -

      (a) Vishwavidyalaya- Jahangirpuri;

      (b) Central Secretariat-Qutab Minar (via All India Institute of Medical Sciences);

      (c) Shahdara- Dilshad Garden;

      (d) Indraprastha-New Ashok Nagar;

      (e) Yamuna Bank-Anand Vihar-lnter State Bus Terminus; and

      (f) Kirti Nagar-Mundka (along with operational Link to Shahdara- Rithala corridor) (Any Chapter)

      59.

      412

      Goods specified in List 15 required for construction of roads [84 or any other chapter]

      60.

      447

      The following goods required for manufacture of Optical disk drives (ODD), namely: -

      (i) Pick up assembly

      (ii) Digital signature procession integrated circuit

      (iii) DC motor

      (iv) LDO voltage regulator [84 or Any other Chapter]

      61.

      456

      The following goods, namely: -

      (a) Sprinklers and drip irrigation systems for agricultural and horticultural purposes;

      (b) Micro Irrigation equipment [8424]

      62.

      457

      Poultry incubators and brooders [8436 21 00]

      63.

      459

      Parts for manufacture of printers falling under sub heading 8443 32 (except 8443 99 51, 8443 99 52, 8443 99 53) [8443]

      64.

      465

      CD -Writers (8471]

      65.

      474

      MP3 or MP4 or MPEG 4 player with or without radio or video reception facility [85]

      66.

      483

      One set of pre-recorded cassettes accompanying books for learning languages and essential complement to such books, [85]

      67.

      484

      Audio cassettes, if recorded with material from books, newspaper or magazines, for the blind [85]

      68.

      515

      Colour television picture tubes for use in the manufacture of cathode ray televisions [8540 11]

       

       


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      Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

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      ActsIncome Tax