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Mineral classification determines tax incentive eligibility for prospecting and extraction, preserving continuity but requiring clearer definitions.
Statutory classification of minerals determines which mineral activities qualify for tax incentives under income tax law by listing specified minerals and associated groups; SCHEDULE XII (2025) reproduces SCHEDULE 07 (1961) verbatim in substance, enumerating 27 minerals and 16 associated groups as the determinative reference for eligibility of capital expenditure on prospecting, extraction and processing, while leaving interpretive issues (broad terms, technical thresholds, typographical inconsistencies) that may require periodic review and clearer definitions.
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Recognised Provident Fund rules modernised, clarifying recognition conditions, tax treatment of contributions, portability, and trustee obligations.
The Schedule modernises the framework governing Recognised Provident Funds, approved superannuation and gratuity funds by restating recognition and approval conditions (employment location, fixed contribution structure, irrevocable trust, permitted assets), procedures for recognition or withdrawal, trustee recordkeeping and appeals, and explicit tax rules: taxable employer contributions above prescribed rates and excess interest, deductibility of employee contributions, exclusion of accumulated balances only upon meeting service-duration or contingency conditions or permitted transfers, retroactive taxation where conditions fail, and mandatory tax deduction at source.
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Insurance business taxation: updated rules tie taxable profits to actuarial surplus and reorganized disallowance cross-references.
Schedule-XIV requires separate computation of life insurance profits by annual averaging of actuarial surplus/deficit from the last inter-valuation period, with add-backs of inadmissible expenditures under the reorganized disallowance provisions; it updates crediting rules for tax paid during multi-year valuation periods, prescribes profit computation and specified add-backs and deductions for other insurance business (including treatment of investment gains/losses and reserves for unexpired risks), and provides a proportional premium-based deeming rule for non-resident insurers, while streamlining interpretative definitions.
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Removal of difficulties powers permit executive adaptation of tax law during statutory transition subject to safeguards and oversight.
Clause 535 grants the Central Government power to issue orders to remove implementation difficulties in the Income Tax Bill, 2025, provided such orders are not inconsistent with the Act; it expressly permits adaptations of the prior law for assessments up to the tax year ending 31 March 2026, limits the power to three years from 1 April 2026, and requires that every order be laid before both Houses of Parliament.
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Repeal and savings provisions ensure continuity of tax rights, proceedings and carry forwards during statutory transition to the new code.
Clause 536 formally repeals the Income tax Act, 1961 while preserving prior operations, rights, obligations, pending proceedings, recoveries and administrative instruments by saving elections, carry forward of losses and credits, conditional deduction rules, continuation of penal and search proceedings initiated before commencement, and by applying Section 6 of the General Clauses Act, thereby ensuring legal and administrative continuity during transition to the new tax code.
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Legislative oversight of delegated tax rules: parliamentary laying enables modification or annulment while preserving prior actions.
Clause 534 mandates that specified subordinate tax instruments-rules under the Act, Appellate Tribunal procedural rules, and notifications under designated provisions including Chapter XIII G-be laid before each House of Parliament promptly for a cumulative thirty days. If both Houses agree within the following session to modify or annul an instrument, it will thereafter take effect only in the modified form or be of no effect, while a without prejudice clause preserves the validity of actions previously taken under that instrument.
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Rule-making powers: Board may frame subordinate tax rules under government control, with limits on prejudicial retrospective application.
Clause 533 vests the Central Board of Direct Taxes with broad rule-making authority, subject to Central Government control, to frame subordinate legislation for carrying out the purposes of the Income Tax Act. It prescribes an illustrative list of subjects - including income ascertainment, depreciation, procedural matters, electronic filing and international taxation - empowers estimation methods where precise computation is impracticable, and restricts retrospective rules so as not to prejudice assessees unless expressly permitted, all while remaining subject to ultra vires review.
Act Rules Bills
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Rescission of tax exemptions enables government withdrawal of legacy territorial tax benefits, raising procedural fairness and treaty questions.
Clause 531 empowers the Central Government to rescind previously granted tax exemptions, rate reductions, or modifications for specified Union territories by general or special order. Focused solely on withdrawal, the provision applies to any assessee or class of assessees and to part or whole of income, is not time limited, and lacks statutory procedural safeguards, leaving only administrative law principles as constraints and raising questions about retrospectivity, legitimate expectations, and treaty-based concessions.
Act Rules Bills
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Interim tax charging provision ensures continuity, applying the more favourable provision to taxpayers pending enactment.
Clause 530 provides that if, on the first day of a tax year, no Central Act has been enacted to charge income tax, the Act shall operate until such provision is made as if either the provision in force in the preceding tax year or the provision proposed in the Bill before Parliament were in force, whichever is more favourable to the assessee, thereby ensuring continuity of assessment and collection pending enactment.
Act Rules Bills
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Power to frame schemes expands executive authority to enable faceless, technology-driven tax administration and modify statutory application.
Clause 532 grants the Central Government authority to make schemes for any purpose of the Act to enhance efficiency, transparency and accountability by eliminating taxpayer interface and optimising resources, and to issue notifications modifying the application of any provision of the Act to give effect to such schemes; it also permits amendment of schemes under the Income-tax Act, 1961 and requires that notifications be laid before each House of Parliament.
Act Rules Bills
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Withdrawal of approvals: authorities may rescind statutory tax approvals after recording reasons and giving a fair hearing.
Clause 529 authorises the Central Government, the Board, or income-tax authorities to withdraw any approval under the Act at any time after recording reasons and giving the assessee a reasonable opportunity of being heard, even if the enabling provision lacks an express withdrawal clause. The provision mandates recorded reasons and a hearing but leaves "approval" undefined, does not specify substantive grounds for withdrawal, and does not prescribe a limitation period, which may raise uncertainty and prompt judicial scrutiny of procedural adequacy.
Act Rules Bills
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Condonation of delay: authority may excuse late tax approvals for sufficient cause, subject to discretionary review and safeguards.
Clause 528 permits the Central Government or the Board to condone delays in obtaining approvals required before a specified date under the Act for "sufficient cause," vesting discretionary power in the same authority to excuse late applications across a broad range of approvals while leaving "sufficient cause," procedural steps, time limits and appeal mechanisms undefined.
Act Rules Bills
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Executive discretion in tax exemptions for mineral oil sector enables tailored fiscal relief to investors and service providers.
Clause 527 vests the Central Government with discretionary power to grant exemptions, reductions or other modifications in income tax for persons engaged in prospecting, extraction or production of mineral oils, including operators, service providers, suppliers and their employees; notifications must be laid before Parliament and key terms like "mineral oil" and "status" are defined or cross referenced in the Bill.
Act Rules Bills
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Bar on civil suits prevents civil court challenges to tax proceedings, preserving exclusive statutory remedies and good faith immunity.
The provision bars any civil suit to set aside or modify "any proceeding taken or order made" under the Act and grants immunity to the Government and its officers for acts done or intended to be done in good faith, channeling challenges to the statutory appellate and revisionary framework while preserving writ review for ultra vires, mala fide, or constitutional breaches.
Act Rules Bills
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Authorisation for multi-person searches: single authorisations allowed, but assessments must be made separately for each person.
Clause 525 permits a single search or requisition authorisation to name multiple persons without requiring separate instruments, and provides that such joint naming does not, by itself, constitute authorisation against an AOP or BOI. Notwithstanding a consolidated authorisation, assessment or reassessment must be made separately in the name of each person mentioned, preserving individualized tax liability determinations while allowing administrative consolidation of search procedures.
Act Rules Bills
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Rebuttable presumption in tax searches shifts evidentiary burden to taxpayers and explicitly covers virtual digital assets.
Clause 524 establishes a rebuttable presumption that items found in search or survey-books, documents, money, bullion, jewellery, other valuables and virtual digital assets-belong to the person in whose possession they were found; that contents of books and documents are true; that signatures and handwriting are authentic; and that stamped, executed or attested documents were duly executed, with identical presumptions applying to items requisitioned to officers as if discovered in a search.
Act Rules Bills
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Deeming validity of notice: participation or cooperation bars later objections unless raised before assessment completion.
Clause 523 creates a deeming fiction that an assessee's appearance in proceedings or co-operation in an inquiry shall be treated as valid and timely service of any statutory notice, and it precludes the assessee from later objecting that the notice was not served, not timely served, or served improperly; however, this preclusion does not apply where the assessee raises the objection before completion of the assessment or reassessment.
Act Rules Bills
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Substantial compliance preserves tax proceedings despite minor procedural errors when the instrument fulfils legislative intent.
Clause 522 preserves the validity of returns, assessments, notices, summonses and other proceedings despite clerical, typographical or similar procedural defects, provided the document or action is in substance and effect in conformity with the intent and purposes of the Act; it does not cure defects that go to jurisdiction, authority, limitation, or breaches of natural justice, and mirrors Section 292B to maintain continuity of judicial interpretation and application.
Act Rules Bills
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Exclusion of probationary relief bars adult tax offenders from probationary provisions, preserving minors' exception and updating criminal code reference.
The clause mandates that the Probation of Offenders Act and the analogous provision in the new criminal procedure code shall not apply to persons convicted under the Income Tax Bill, 2025, except for those under eighteen, thereby removing judicial discretion for adult tax offenders, updating statutory references, and preserving a minors' exception while raising procedural questions on age determination and scope.
Act Rules Bills
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Jurisdictional threshold: income tax offences must be tried by a Judicial Magistrate of the first class, altering forum nomenclature.
Clause 520 mandates that no court inferior to a Judicial Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence under the Income Tax Bill, 2025, creating a uniform jurisdictional threshold for all tax offences. The provision modernizes terminology compared with Section 292 of the 1961 Act by omitting presidency magistrates, aligning with the CrPC framework and metropolitan magistrates' equivalence, while leaving potential ambiguities about special statute courts and transitional application. Its practical effect is to require complaints be filed before competent magistrates and to enable jurisdictional challenges where proceedings are instituted in inferior forums.

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Review of concessional rates of BCD prescribed in notification no. 50/2017 - Customs dated 30.62017: The BCD exemption hitherto available on certain goods are being withdrawn by omitting following entries of notification No. 50/2017-Customs dated 30.6.2017.

3 February, 2020

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Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

S. No.

S. No. of Notification No 50/2017-customs

Description

1.

5

Tuna bait [0303]

2.

7

Goods upto an aggregate of ten thousand metric tonnes of total imports of Milk and cream, in powder, granules or other solid form in a financial year. [0402 10, 0402 21 00]

3.

7A

Whey, concentrated, evaporated or condensed, liquid or semi-solid [0404 10 10]

4.

7B

Other Whey [0404 90 00)

5.

8

Butter Ghee, Butter Oil [0405]

6.

9

Other cheese [0406 90 00)

7.

10

Pancreas (Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified) (Chapter 5]

8.

11

Conch shell [0508 00]

9.

18

Bulbs or tubers, other live plants [0601 or 0602]

10.

36

All goods other than meslin or wheat [1001]

11.

38

Meslin [1001]

12.

40

Maize upto an aggregate of five lakh metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year [1005 90]

13.

47

Sugar beet seeds [1209 10 00)

14.

56

Edible oils [1508, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1515 or 1511 10]

15.

58

Refined vegetable oils of edible grade, in loose or bulk form (other than palm oil) [chapter 15]

16.

59

Vegetable oils of edible grade, in loose or bulk form (other than those specified against S. No. 58 and palm oil), imported for the manufacture of oil commonly known as “Vanaspati” or for refining.

Explanation. -The expression “Vegetable oil” means-

(a) in the case of cottonseed oil, oil having a free fatty acid content of at least 0.2%; and

(b) in the case of any other vegetable oil. oil with free fatty acid content of at least 0.5%. [15]

17.

68

Crude sunflower seed or safflower oil upto an aggregate of one lakh and fifty thousand metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year [1512 11]

18.

69

Crude sunflower seed or safflower oil other than those specified against S. No. 68 [1512 11]

19.

72

Refined rape, colza or mustard oil upto an aggregate of one lakh and fifty thousand metric tonnes of total imports of such goods in a financial year (1514 19 or 1514 99]

20.

78

Margarine, animal or vegetable oils of edible grade [1517 or 1518]

21.

83

Glycerol, crude; glycerol waters and glycerol lyes, (other than crude glycerin) [1520 00 00]

22.

88A

Raw Sugar upto an aggregate of three lakh metric tonnes of total imports of such goods. Provided that the import of raw sugar in physical form is completed within sixty (60) days from the date of issue Of the Tariff Rate Quota Allocation Certificate or license by Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) to the importer. Provided further that the importer shall convert the raw sugar into white/ refined sugar within a period, not exceeding thirty (30) days, from the date of filing of bill of entry or the date of entry inwards, whichever is later [1701]

23.

89

Dextrose Monohydrate [1702)

24.

92

Molasses resulting from extraction or refining of sugar [1703]

25.

93

Chewing gum whether or not sugar coated [1704 10 00]

26.

94

Food preparations, for infant use and put up for retail sale, of-

(i) goods of headings 0401 to 0404, containing cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, in a proportion by weight of 5% or more but less than 10%; or

(ii) flour, meal, starch or malt extract containing cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, in a proportion by weight of 40% or more but less than 50% [1806 90)

27.

95

Preparations for infant use put up for retail sale [1901 10]

28.

98

preserved potatoes [2004 10 00]

29.

99

Peanut Butter [2008 11 00]

30.

105

Wine, for use as sacramental wine [22]

31.

108

Angostura bitters [2208]

32.

113

Fin fish feed [2301 20, 2309 90 32, 2309 90 39]

33.

115

Dietary soya fibre [2304]

34.

148

Naphtha, when imported by Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited (RGPPL), for use in generation of electricity in the power plants of Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited (RGPPL) at Dabhol, District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra [2710]

35.

149

Naphtha, when imported for generation of electrical energy by a generating company as defined in section 2(28) of the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003) to supply electrical energy-or to engage in the business of supplying electrical energy [2701]

36.

152

Propane, Butane [2711 12 00, 2711 13 00]

37.

160

Electrical energy [ 2716 00 00]

38.

170

Phosphoric acid, for the manufacture of fertilizers(28]

39.

212

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine, imported by the Andhra Pradesh Government through UNICEF [30]

40.

220

Kyanite salts, in a form indicative of their use for manurial purpose [31]

41.

243

Isolated soya protein [3504]

42.

244

Colour positive unexposed cinematographic film in jumbo rolls and colour negative unexposed cinematographic film in rolls of 400 feet and 1000 feet [37]

43.

245

Instant print film [3701 20 00 or 3702]

44.

246

Cinematographic films, exposed but not developed [3704]

45.

247

Promotional material (like Trailers, making of film etc.) imported in the form of electronic promotion kits (EPK)/ beta cams (Any Chapter)

46.

263

The following polymers of ethylene, namely: -

(i) Cow density polyethylene (LDPE),

(ii) Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE),

(iii) High density polyethylene (HDPE),

(iv) Linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE),

(v) Linear high-density polyethylene (LHDPE) [3901]

47.

264

All goods other than poly 'so-butylene [39021

48.

266

All goods [3903]

49.

274

Compostable polymer or bio-plastic used in the manufacture of bio degradable agro mulching films, nursery plantation pots and flower pots [3913 90 90]

50.

275

Water blocking tape for use in the manufacture of insulated Wires and cables falling under heading 8544 (except sub-heading 8544 11) [3919 90 90]

51.

278

Subbed polyester base, imported by M/s. Hindustan Photo Films Manufacturing Company Limited, Udhagamandalam for the manufacture of medical or industrial X-ray films and graphic art films [39201

52.

286

Patent leather [4114 20 10]

53.

287

Raw furskins [4301). tanned and dried furskins [4302]

54.

386

Lead bars. rods. profiles and wire [7806]

55.

388

Zinc tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings [7907]

56.

389

Tin plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm; tin foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials), of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.2 mm; tin powders and flakes [8007]

57.

398

Parts and components of the goods specified in List 10 required for use in high voltage power transmission project (Any chapter]

58.

401

All items of equipment including machinery and rolling stock, procured by or on behalf of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. for use in-

(i) Delhi MRTS Project Phase-I, and

(ii) Specified corridors of Delhi MRTS Project Phase-Il, comprising of the following, namely: -

(a) Vishwavidyalaya- Jahangirpuri;

(b) Central Secretariat-Qutab Minar (via All India Institute of Medical Sciences);

(c) Shahdara- Dilshad Garden;

(d) Indraprastha-New Ashok Nagar;

(e) Yamuna Bank-Anand Vihar-lnter State Bus Terminus; and

(f) Kirti Nagar-Mundka (along with operational Link to Shahdara- Rithala corridor) (Any Chapter)

59.

412

Goods specified in List 15 required for construction of roads [84 or any other chapter]

60.

447

The following goods required for manufacture of Optical disk drives (ODD), namely: -

(i) Pick up assembly

(ii) Digital signature procession integrated circuit

(iii) DC motor

(iv) LDO voltage regulator [84 or Any other Chapter]

61.

456

The following goods, namely: -

(a) Sprinklers and drip irrigation systems for agricultural and horticultural purposes;

(b) Micro Irrigation equipment [8424]

62.

457

Poultry incubators and brooders [8436 21 00]

63.

459

Parts for manufacture of printers falling under sub heading 8443 32 (except 8443 99 51, 8443 99 52, 8443 99 53) [8443]

64.

465

CD -Writers (8471]

65.

474

MP3 or MP4 or MPEG 4 player with or without radio or video reception facility [85]

66.

483

One set of pre-recorded cassettes accompanying books for learning languages and essential complement to such books, [85]

67.

484

Audio cassettes, if recorded with material from books, newspaper or magazines, for the blind [85]

68.

515

Colour television picture tubes for use in the manufacture of cathode ray televisions [8540 11]

 

 


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Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

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Acts Income Tax